Efectos del HIIT sobre la Condición Física y el Rendimiento Deportivo en Corredores de Media Distancia de 800 y 1500 m de Para Atletismo: Un Estudio de Caso (Effects of HIIT on Physical Condition and Sports Performance in 800 and 1500 m Middle Distance Runners of Para Athletics: A Case Study)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.102365

Palabras clave:

Para Atletismo, para-deporte, HIIT, VO2máx, carreras de media distancia, rendimiento deportivo

Resumen

El entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad (HIIT) es un método de entrenamiento comúnmente empleado en corredores de media distancia a causa de las adaptaciones sobre el metabolismo oxidativo y glucolítico, el sistema cardiovascular y en las fibras neuromusculares, lo que conlleva a un aumento el rendimiento atlético. Objetivo: Determinar los efectos del HIIT sobre la condición física y el rendimiento deportivo en corredores de media distancia de 800 y 1500 m de Para Atletismo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental no controlado desde un estudio de caso; se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística intencional de cuatro atletas masculinos (23,25±7,27 años; 175,25±3,35 cm; 62,10±1,84 kg) de 800 y 1500 m de clase T13, T38 y T46-T47. Los participantes realizaron 3 sesiones semanales durante 12 semanas de entrenamiento HIIT; el entrenamiento fue guiado con la velocidad aeróbica máxima (VAM) y se monitorizó la respuesta de la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) y la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (RPE). El análisis de los datos se realizó con el Software SPSS 24.0, utilizando estadística descriptiva, la prueba t- Student para muestras emparejadas y la prueba de Wilcoxon en la variable consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx); también se presentan las diferencias porcentuales entre el pretest y postest. Resultados: Se observaron cambios significativos (p≤0.05) en los tiempos parciales de 200 y 400 m durante la prueba de 1000 m, en el test Sit and Reach y en la potencia muscular. Conclusión: El HIIT demostró ser efectivo para mejorar el rendimiento en 200 y 400 m, además se observaron cambios numéricos positivos en las variables de condición física y en el sprint de 20 m.

Palabras Clave: Para Atletismo, para-deporte, HIIT, VO2máx, carreras de media distancia, rendimiento deportivo.

Abstract. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a training method commonly used in middle-distance runners due to adaptations on oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, the cardiovascular system and neuromuscular fibers, which leads to an increase in athletic performance. Objective: To determine the effects of HIIT on fitness and athletic performance in Para Athletics middle distance runners of 800 and 1500 m. Materials and methods: A non-controlled quasi-experimental study based on a case study was selected, selecting an intentional non-probabilistic sample of four male athletes (23.25±7.27 years; 175.25±3.35 cm; 62.10±1.84 kg) of 800 and 1500 m of class T13, T38 and T46-T47. Participants performed 3 weekly sessions for 12 weeks of HIIT training; training was guided with maximal aerobic speed (MAV) and heart rate (HR) response and subjective perception of effort (RPE) were monitored. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 24.0 software, using descriptive statistics, the Student's t-test for paired samples, and the Wilcoxon test for maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max); the percentage differences between the pretest and posttest are also presented. Results: Significant changes (p≤0.05) were observed in the 200 and 400 m split times during the 1000 m test, in the Sit and Reach test and in muscle power. Conclusion: HIIT was shown to be effective in improving performance in 200 and 400 m, and positive numerical changes were observed in the variables of physical fitness and in the 20 m sprint.

Keywords: Para-Athletics, para-sport, HIIT, VO2max, middle-distance running, sport performance.

Biografía del autor/a

Cristian Alexis Lasso-Quilindo, Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca

Facultad Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Docente Investigador adscrito al programa Entrenamiento Deportivo y Grupo de Investigación Interdisciplinario en Ciencias Sociales y Humanas (GIICSH) de la Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca, Joven Investigador del Proyecto Jóvenes Investigadores e Innovadores en el Departamento del Cauca 2023-2024.

Luz Marina Chalapud-Narváez, Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca

Docente, Programa de Entrenamiento Deportivo, Facultad de Educación, Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca (Colombia)

Juan Esteban Medina-López, Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca

Estudiante IX Semestre del Programa Entrenamiento deportivo, Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca

Ezequiel David García-Mantilla, Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca

Docente, Programa de Entrenamiento Deportivo, Facultad de Educación, Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca (Colombia)

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2024-07-01

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Lasso-Quilindo, C. A., Chalapud-Narváez, L. M., Medina-López, J. E., & García-Mantilla, E. D. (2024). Efectos del HIIT sobre la Condición Física y el Rendimiento Deportivo en Corredores de Media Distancia de 800 y 1500 m de Para Atletismo: Un Estudio de Caso (Effects of HIIT on Physical Condition and Sports Performance in 800 and 1500 m Middle Distance Runners of Para Athletics: A Case Study). Retos, 56, 707–717. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.102365

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas