El casco aumenta la protección contra los síntomas de conmoción cerebral aguda en boxeadores olímpicos amateur (Headgear increases protection against acute concussion symptoms in amateur Olympic boxers)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.106894Palabras clave:
deportes de combate, boxeo, Juegos Olímpicos, Conmoción cerebral, Cognición, reglas deportivasResumen
Este estudio comparó medidas agudas de conmoción cerebral en boxeadores olímpicos sometidos a combate. Este es un estudio de caso-control donde los participantes fueron medidos en dos condiciones: a) usando casco (HG) y b) sin usar casco (NHG). Para esto, 14 deportistas (24,9±5,1 años; 77,1±13,9 kg; 1,7±0,1 m; 14,4±6,4 % grasa corporal) completaron este protocolo de investigación. Se realizaron las siguientes pruebas antes y después de un combate (3 rounds de 3' con intervalo de 1') como indicadores de conmoción cerebral utilizando las siguientes pruebas: test de conmoción cerebral BtrackS, función ejecutiva automática y controlada y memoria directa e indirecta. También se aplicó un protocolo de análisis técnico-táctico para verificar el efecto del HG en las acciones durante el combate. La condición HG mostró mejor desempeño en la prueba de conmoción cerebral BtrackS (30,3±11,3 vs. 38,5±12,2; p=0,039), función ejecutiva automática (38,0±6,0 vs. 50,4±11,4; p=0,014) y controlada (55,3±8,1 vs. 76,4±11,5; p=0,016). Hubo una diferencia significativa en el número de golpes conectados a la cabeza (38,5±12,0 vs. 51,1±14,7 para HG y NHG respectivamente; p=0,047). Con base en nuestros objetivos y los resultados obtenidos, nuestros datos respaldan el efecto protector agudo del uso de HG en el boxeo olímpico masculino amateur contra los indicadores de conmoción cerebral.
Palabras clave: Deportes de combate, Boxeo, Juegos Olímpicos, Conmoción encefálica, Cognición, Reglas deportivas.
Abstract. This study compared acute measures of concussion in Olympic boxers undergoing a combat. This is a case-control study where participants were measured in two conditions: a) using headgear (HG) and b) without using headgear (NHG). Thus, 14 athletes (24.9±5.1 yrs.; 77.1±13.9 kg; 1.7±0.1 m; 14.4±6.4 % body fat) completed this protocol. Tests were carried out before and after the combat (3 rounds of 3' with 1' interval) as indicators of concussion (BtrackS concussion test, automatic and controlled executive function, direct and indirect memory). A technical-tactical analysis protocol was also applied to verify the effect of HG on the actions during the combat. The HG condition showed better performance on the BtrackS concussion test (30.3±11.3 vs. 38.5±12.2; p=0.039), automatic executive function (38.0±6.0 vs. 50.4±11.4; p=0.014), and controlled (55.3±8.1 vs. 76.4±11.5; p=0.016). There was a significant difference in the number of punches connected to the head (38.5±12.0 vs. 51.1±14.7 for HG and NHG respectively; p=0.047). Based on our aims and the results obtained, our data support the acute protective effect of using HG in amateur Olympic male boxing against the concussion indicators.
Keywords: Combat sports, Boxing, Olympic Games, Brain concussion, Cognition, Sport rules
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