Asociaciones conjuntas de la participación en deportes y el tiempo de pantalla de smartphone con la ansiedad entre adolescentes escolares (Joint associations of sports participation and smartphone screen time with anxiety among school adolescents)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108784Palabras clave:
Deportes, Ejercicio, Tiempo sedentario, Salud mental, AdolescenciaResumen
Investigar la asociación conjunta de la participación en deportes y el tiempo de pantalla de smartphone (TP) con los síntomas de ansiedad en adolescentes escolares. Este estudio transversal incluyó a 142 adolescentes de secundaria brasileños de una escuela pública federal. Los síntomas de ansiedad se evaluaron utilizando la Escala de Ansiedad para Niños, con un punto de corte de ≥ 30. La participación en deportes se midió utilizando el Cuestionario de Actividad Física Habitual para Adolescentes, clasificando a los participantes en participación deportiva o no participación deportiva. El TP se midió utilizando la función de bienestar digital del smartphone, categorizando a los participantes en TP bajo y TP alto basado en la mediana. Los participantes se distribuyeron en cuatro grupos: participación deportiva + TP bajo, participación deportiva + TP alto, no participación deportiva + TP bajo, y no participación deportiva + TP alto (grupo de referencia). El análisis se realizó utilizando la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para calcular la razón de prevalencia (RP) y los intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% para la ansiedad entre los grupos. La prevalencia de ansiedad fue del 41,5% (IC del 95%: 33,6; 50,0). El grupo de participación deportiva + TP bajo mostró una menor prevalencia de ansiedad en comparación con el grupo de referencia (RP 0,52; IC del 95%: 0,28; 0,94; p = 0,031). Los otros grupos no mostraron una asociación significativa con el grupo de referencia (p > 0,05). En conclusión, la participación en deportes asociada con un TP bajo en smartphones está relacionada con una menor prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad en adolescentes escolares.
Palabras clave: Deportes. Ejercicio. Tiempo sedentario. Salud mental. Adolescencia.
Abstract. To investigate the joint association of sports participation and smartphone screen time (ST) with anxiety symptoms in school adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 142 Brazilian high school adolescents from a federal public school. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, with a cutoff point of ≥ 30. Sports participation was measured using the Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, classifying participants as sports participation or non-sports participation. ST was measured using the digital well-being function of the smartphone, categorizing participants into low ST and high ST based on the median. Participants were distributed into four groups: sports participation + low ST, sports participation + high ST, non-sports participation + low ST, and non-sports participation + high ST (reference group). Analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust variance to calculate prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for anxiety among groups. The prevalence of anxiety was 41.5% (95% CI 33.6, 50.0). The sports participation + low ST group exhibited a lower prevalence of anxiety compared to the reference group (PR 0.52; 95% CI 0.28, 0.94; p = 0.031). The other groups showed no significant association with the reference group (p > 0.05). In conclusion, sports participation associated with low smartphone ST is related to a lower prevalence of anxiety symptoms in school adolescents.
Keywords: Sports. Exercise. Sedentary time. Mental health. Adolescence.
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