Crecimiento físico, entorno escolar e información del nacimiento en la actividad física de los niños: un análisis multinivel

Autores/as

  • Teresinha de Jesus Sousa Lima School of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
  • Thaliane Mayara Pessôa dos Prazeres School of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
  • Marcella Dantas Ribeiro School of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
  • Maria Clara César Vila Nova de Oliveira Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
  • Rafael dos Santos Henrique Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
  • Jorge Bezerra School of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
  • João Francisco Lins Brayner Rangel Junior School of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
  • Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros School of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3165-0965
  • Daniel R Queiroz Federal University of Pernambuco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-4677
  • Marcos André Moura dos Santos School of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.109408

Palabras clave:

Peso al nacer, tipo de parto, escolares, modelado multinivel

Resumen

Introducción: Existe un creciente interés académico y político en promover la salud de los niños y los jóvenes garantizando que el entorno escolar apoye comportamientos saludables.

Objetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo describir e interpretar la variabilidad de la actividad física de los niños en función de las características individuales y el contexto escolar utilizando el enfoque de modelado multinivel.

Metodología: Se evaluó a un total de 453 niños (236 niños y 217 niñas) de 5 a 7,5 años. Se evaluaron datos antropométricos, información sobre el nacimiento, actividad física regular organizada (deportes), actividad física (AF), nivel socioeconómico y contexto escolar. Se utilizó un modelo multinivel para identificar los efectos jerárquicos (nivel infantil y escolar).

Resultados: En el modelo (M0) (β=60,54; p<0,01), solo el 1,4% de la varianza total en el nivel de AFMV de los niños se explicó por diferencias en el contexto escolar, mientras que el 98,6% restante se explica por predictores individuales. Tras la inclusión de predictores a nivel infantil (M1), solo la variable estado nutricional se asoció significativamente con el tiempo en AFMV (β= -5,13; p=0,04). En el Modelo 2, añadir la información del contexto escolar no modificó el orden de importancia de ningún factor. Sin embargo, la variable estado nutricional sigue estando significativamente asociada con el tiempo en AFMV (β= -5,08; p=0,04).

Conclusiones: En conclusión, solo el estado nutricional se asoció con la variación en la AFMV. Si bien las características individuales influyen más en la AFMV que las del contexto escolar, se deben desarrollar políticas para promover la actividad física y controlar el sobrepeso y la obesidad en la escuela, con el objetivo de fomentar la adopción de estilos de vida más activos y saludables.

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Publicado

2025-06-06

Cómo citar

de Jesus Sousa Lima, T., Pessôa dos Prazeres, T. M., Dantas Ribeiro, M., Vila Nova de Oliveira, M. C. C., dos Santos Henrique, R., Bezerra, J., … Moura dos Santos, M. A. (2025). Crecimiento físico, entorno escolar e información del nacimiento en la actividad física de los niños: un análisis multinivel. Retos, 68, 803–812. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.109408

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