Efecto del entrenamiento con sobrecarga excéntrica sobre el rendimiento de la fase concéntrica en ejercicios de fuerza. Una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.111240

Palabras clave:

Fuerza, Velocidad, Potencia, Optimización, Entrenamiento excéntrico

Resumen

Introducción: el entrenamiento con sobrecarga excéntrica (AEL) es una metodología de entrenamiento de fuerza novedosa que busca generar una potenciación sobre la fase concéntrica del ejercicio. Sin embargo, sus efectos siguen siendo bastante difusos.

Objetivo: el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar los efectos del entrenamiento excéntrico acentuado sobre variables de fuerza, velocidad y potencia de la fase concéntrica en ejercicios de resistencia tradicionales.

Metodología: una búsqueda sistemática de literatura científica fue llevada a cabo en diferentes bases de datos. De acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión establecidos según la escala PICOS, trece estudios fueron incluidos. La calidad de los estudios fue evaluada siguiendo la declaración STROBE.

Resultados: la puntuación media fue de 15.8 puntos. Los resultados varían en función del protocolo y del ejercicio realizado.

Discusión: la fuerza fue la variable menos estudiada y, en general, el entrenamiento con AEL produjo su optimización en la fase concéntrica, a pesar de que hay estudios que no apreciaron dicha mejora. En ejercicios de tren inferior, tanto la velocidad como la potencia se han visto más optimizados a través del entrenamiento con sobrecarga excéntrica en comparación con ejercicios de tren superior. Sin embargo, algunos datos indican que determinadas variables de los protocolos podrían afectar de manera negativa a la fase concéntrica del ejercicio.

Conclusiones: a pesar de tener estudios que demuestran el efecto de potenciación que produce el entrenamiento con sobrecarga excéntrica, se hace necesaria una mayor producción científica que analice el papel de las diferentes variables en los protocolos de entrenamiento con AEL.

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Publicado

2025-02-17

Cómo citar

Bravo Paños, I., & Marquina Nieto, M. (2025). Efecto del entrenamiento con sobrecarga excéntrica sobre el rendimiento de la fase concéntrica en ejercicios de fuerza. Una revisión sistemática. Retos, 65, 600–613. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.111240

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Sección

Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis