Efectos comparativos de programas de ejercicio de ocho semanas sobre la reducción de grasa en estudiantes universitarias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.111486Palabras clave:
Bandas elásticas, obesidad, grasa corporal, estudiantes universitariasResumen
Introducción: El número de estudiantes universitarios con sobrepeso está aumentando. El ejercicio aeróbico moderado se recomienda comúnmente para reducir la obesidad y mejorar la composición corporal.
Objetivo: Comparar los efectos de dos programas de ejercicio de 8 semanas sobre la reducción de grasa corporal en estudiantes universitarias.
Metodología: Veintiocho estudiantes mujeres fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a un grupo de resistencia más ejercicios aeróbicos (ST, n=14) o a un grupo de solo ejercicios aeróbicos (AT, n=14). Ambos grupos entrenaron tres veces por semana durante 60 minutos a intensidad moderada (frecuencia cardíaca 110-130 lpm). ST realizó 30 minutos de entrenamiento con bandas de resistencia y 30 minutos de ejercicio aeróbico; AT hizo 60 minutos de carrera.
Resultados: Ambos grupos redujeron significativamente el peso corporal, la masa grasa, el porcentaje de grasa y el RCC (p < 0,001), siendo el grupo ST el que mostró mejores resultados. La masa corporal magra, el CT y el HDL no cambiaron significativamente (p>0,05). El LDL disminuyó levemente (p=0,088), mientras que el TG aumentó (p<0,05). Los niveles de leptina disminuyeron significativamente en ambos grupos (p<0,05), sin diferencias entre ellos.
Conclusiones: Ambos programas redujeron eficazmente la grasa corporal y la leptina sérica. Sin embargo, el programa ST fue más eficaz que el programa AT para mejorar la composición corporal general, excepto en la reducción de leptina.
Citas
Aerenhouts, D., & D'Hondt, E. (2020). Using Machines or Free Weights for Resistance Training in Novice Males? A Randomized Parallel Trial. International journal of environmental re-search and public health, 17(21), 7848. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217848
Aizawa-Abe, M., Ogawa, Y., Masuzaki, H., Ebihara, K., Satoh, N., Iwai, H., Matsuoka, N., Hayashi,T., Hosoda, K., Inoue, G., Yoshimasa, Y., & Nakao, K. (2000). Pathophysiological role of lep-tin in obesity-related hypertension. The Journal of clinical investigation, 105(9),1243–1252.DOI: 10.1172/JCI8341
American College of Sports Medicine. (2018). American College of Sports Medicine ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription.
Arnegard, M. E., Whitten, L. A., Hunter, C., & Clayton, J. A. (2020). Sex as a biological variable: a 5-year progress report and call to action. Journal of Women's Health, 29(6), 858-864. DOI:10.1089/j wh.2019.8247
Babiloni-Lopez, C., Gene-Morales, J., Saez-Berlanga, A., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Moreno-Murcia, J. A., & Colado, J. C. (2022). The Use of Elastic Bands in Velocity-Based Training Allows Greater Acute External Training Stimulus and Lower Perceived Effort Compared to Weight Plates. Internatio -nal journal of environmental research and public health, 19(24), 16616. DOI:10.3390/ijerph1 92416616
Baptista, L. C., Dias, G., Souza, N. R., Veríssimo, M. T., & Martins, R. A. (2017). Effects of long-term multicomponent exercise on health-related quality of life in older adults with type 2 di-abetes: evidence from a cohort study. Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 26(8), 2117–2127. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017- 1543-3
Bårdstu, H. B., Andersen, V., Fimland, M. S., Aasdahl, L., Raastad, T., Cumming, K. T., & Sæterbakken, A. H. (2020). Effectiveness of a resistance training program on physical function, muscle strength, and body composition in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care: a cluster- randomized controlled trial. European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity, 17,11. DOI: 10.1186/s115 56-020-00243-9
Batacan, R. B., Duncan, M. J., Dalbo, V. J., Tucker, P. S., & Fenning, A. S. (2017). Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. British journal of sports medicine, 51(6), 494-503. DOI:10.1136/Bjsports -2015-095841
Bharath, L. P., Choi, W. W., Cho, J. M., Skobodzinski, A. A., Wong, A., Sweeney, T. E., & Park, S. Y. (2018). Combined resistance and aerobic exercise training reduces insulin resistance and central adiposity in adolescent girls who are obese: randomized clinical trial. European journal of applied physiology, 118(8), 1653–1660. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3898-8
Bhargava, A., Arnold, A. P., Bangasser, D. A., Denton, K. M., Gupta, A., Hilliard Krause, L. M., ... & Verma, R. (2021). Considering sex as a biological variable in basic and clinical studies: an endocrine society scientific statement. Endocrine reviews, 42(3), 219-258. DOI:10.1210/endrev/bnaa034
Botero, J. P., Shiguemoto, G. E., Prestes, J., Marin, C. T., Do Prado, W. L., Pontes, C. S., Guerra, R. L., Fe-rreia, F. C., Baldissera, V., & Perez, S. E. (2013). Effects of long-term periodized resistance training on body composition, leptin, resistin and muscle strength in elderly post-menopausal women. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 53(3), 289–294.
Carter, S. L., Rennie, C. D., Hamilton, S. J., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2001). Changes in skeletal muscle in males and females following endurance training. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 79(5), 386-392. DOI:10.1139/y01-008
Carvalho, J., Marques, E., Ascensão, A., Magalhães, J., Marques, F., & Mota, J. (2010). Multicomponent exercise program improves blood lipid profile and antioxidant capacity in older wom-en. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 51(1), 1–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2009.05.020
Chaput, J. P., McHill, A. W., Cox, R. C., Broussard, J. L., Dutil, C., da Costa, B. G. G., Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., & Wright, K. P., Jr (2023). The role of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in obesity. Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 19(2), 82–97. DOI: 10.10 38/s41574-022-00747-7
Choi, H. M., Hurr, C., & Kim, S. (2020). Effects of elastic band exercise on functional fitness and blood pressure response in the healthy elderly. International Journal of Environmental Re-search and Public Health, 17(19), 7144.
Doewes, R. I., Gharibian, G., Zadeh, F. A., Zaman, B. A., Vahdat, S, & Akhavan-Sigari, R. (2023). An Updated Systematic Review on the Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Human Blood Lipid Profile. Current problems in cardiology, 48(5), 101108. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101108
Elerian, A. E., Abdeen, H. A. A., Elmakaky, A., & Mostafa, M. S. (2020). Efficacy of gender, anaerobic exercise and low calorie diet on leptin, ghrelin hormones and hunger perception: A comparative study. Obesity Medicine, 18, 100213.
Elias, C. F., & Purohit, D. (2013). Leptin signaling and circuits in puberty and fertility. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 70(5), 841–862. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1095-1
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Leon, J., Lyons, S. K., Perry, M. L., Prahalad, P., Pratley, R. E., Seley, J. J., Stanton, R. C., Gabbay, R. A., on behalf of the American Diabetes Association (2023). 8. Obesity and Weight Management for the Preven-tion and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes care, 46(Suppl 1), S128–S139. DOI: 10.2337/dc23-S008
Flandez, J., Gene-Morales, J., Modena, N., Martin, F., Colado, J. C., & Gargallo, P. (2020). Effects of power resistance training program with elastic bands on body composition, muscle strength and physical function in older women. DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2020.15.Proc4.30
Geer, E. B., & Shen, W. (2009). Gender differences in insulin resistance, body composition, and energy balance. Gender medicine, 6, 60-75.
Hagstrom, A. D., Yuwono, N., Warton, K., & Ford, C. E. (2021). Sex bias in cohorts included in sports medicine research. Sports Medicine, 1-6.
Hedayatnia, M., Asadi, Z., Zare-Feyzabadi, R., Yaghooti-Khorasani, M., Ghazizadeh, H., Ghaffarian-Zirak, R., Nosrati-Tirkani, A., Mohammadi-Bajgiran, M., Rohban, M., Sadabadi, F., Rahimi, H. R., Ghalandari, M., Ghaffari, M. S., Yousefi, A., Pouresmaeili, E., Besharatlou, M. R., Moohe-bati, M., Ferns, G. A., Esmaily, H., & Ghayour-Mobarhan, M. (2020). Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk among the MASHAD study population. Lipids in health and disease, 19(1), 42. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01204-y
Jafarinasabian, P. (2017). Analyzing Bone, Muscle and Adipose Tissue Biomarkers to Identify Osteosarcopenic Obesity Syndrome in Older Women (Doctoral dissertation, The Florida State University).
Khalafi, M., Hossein Sakhaei, M., Kheradmand, S., Symonds, M. E., & Rosenkranz, S. K. (2023).The impact of exercise and dietary interventions on circulating leptin and adiponectin in individuals who are overweight and those with obesity: A systematic review andmeta-analysis. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda,Md.), 14(1), 128–146. DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut. 2022.10.001
Landen, S., Voisin, S., Craig, J. M., McGee, S. L., Lamon, S., & Eynon, N. (2019). Genetic and epigenetic sex-specific adaptations to endurance exercise. Epigenetics, 14(6), 523-535. DOI:10.1080/155 92294.2019.1603961
Lau, P. W., Kong, Z., Choi, C. R., Clare, C. W., Chan, D. F., Sung, R. Y., & Leung, B. W. (2010). Effects of short-term resistance training on serum leptin levels in obese adolescents. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 8(1), 54-60.
Liao, C. D., Tsauo, J. Y., Huang, S. W., Ku, J. W., Hsiao, D. J., & Liou, T. H. (2018). Effects of elastic band exercise on lean mass and physical capacity in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Scientific reports, 8(1), 2317. DOI: 10.1038/s41598- 018-20677-7
Liu, X., Gao, Y., Lu, J., Ma, Q., Shi, Y., Liu, J., Xin, S., & Su, H. (2022). Effects of Different Resistance Exercise Forms on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Overweight and/or Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in physiolo-gy,12,791999. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.791999
Lopes, J. S. S., Silva, J. F. D., Gomes, R. L., Almeida, A. D. C., Michelleti, J. K., & Machado, A. F. (2020). Training with elastic and conventional devices on body composition: systematic review and meta-analysis. Fisioterapia em Movimento, 33, e003322. DOI: 10.1590 /1980 -5 918.033.AR02
Lustig, R. H., Sen, S., Soberman, J. E., & Velasquez-Mieyer, P. A. (2004). Obesity, leptin resistance, and the effects of insulin reduction. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders: journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesi-ty,28(10),1344–1348. DOI: 10.1038/sj.i jo.0802753
Mann, S., Beedie, C., & Jimenez, A. (2014). Differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined exercise modalities on cholesterol and the lipid profile: review, synthesis and recommendations. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 44(2), 211–221. DOI: 10.1007/s40279- 013-0110-5
Moro, T., Tinsley, G., Bianco, A., Gottardi, A., Gottardi, G. B., Faggian, D., Plebani, M., Marcolin, G., & Paoli, A. (2017). High intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) in older adults: Effects on body composition, strength, anabolic hormones and blood lipids. Experimental gerontology, 98, 91– 98. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.015
Noland R. C. (2015). Exercise and Regulation of Lipid Metabolism. Progress in molecular biology and translational science, 135, 39–74. DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.06.017
Obradovic, M., Sudar-Milovanovic, E., Soskic, S., Essack, M., Arya, S., Stewart, A. J., Gojobori, T.,& Isenovic,E.R.(2021). Leptin and Obesity: Role and Clinical Implication. Frontiers in endocrinology, 12, 585887. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.585887
Oh, D. H., & Lee, J. K. (2023). Effect of Different Intensities of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Resistance Exercise on Body Fat, Lipid Profiles, and Adipokines in Middle-Aged Women with Obesity. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(5), 3991. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053991
Pandit, R., Beerens, S., & Adan, R. A. H. (2017). Role of leptin in energy expenditure: the hypothalamic perspective. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 312(6), R938–R947. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00045.2016
Peng, J., Yin, L., & Wang, X. (2021). Central and peripheral leptin resistance in obesity and improve-ments of exercise. Hormones and behavior, 133, 105006. DOI:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021. 105006
Powell-Wiley, T. M., Poirier, P., Burke, L. E., Després, J. P., Gordon-Larsen, P., Lavie, C. J., Lear, S. A., Ndumele, C. E., Neeland, I. J., Sanders, P., St-Onge, M. P., & American Heart Association Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; and Stroke Council (2021). Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 143(21), e984–e1010. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000973
Pranoto, A., Ramadhan, R. N., Rejeki, P. S., Miftahussurur, M., Yosika, G. F., Nindya, T. S., ... & Halim, S. (2024). The role of long-term combination training in reducing and maintaining of body fat in obese young adult women. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, de-porte y recreación, (53), 139-146. DOI:10.47197/retos.v53.102460
Prestes, J., Nascimento, D. D. C., Neto, I. V. S., Tibana, R. A., Shiguemoto, G. E., Perez, S. E. A., Botero, J. P., Schoenfeld, B. J., & Pereira, G. B. (2018). The Effects of Muscle Strength Responsiveness to Periodized Resistance Training on Resistin, Leptin, and Cytokine in Elderly Postmeno-pausal Women. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 32(1),113–120. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.00 00000000001718
Prestes, J., Shiguemoto, G., Botero, J. P., Frollini, A., Dias, R., Leite, R., Pereira, G., Magosso, R., Baldissera, V., Cavaglieri, C., & Perez, S. (2009). Effects of resistance training on re-sistin, leptin, cytokines, and muscle force in elderly post-menopausal women. Journal of sports sciences, 27(14), 1607– 1615. DOI: 10.1080/02640410903352923
Roberson, K. B., Potiaumpai, M., Widdowson, K., Jaghab, A. M., Chowdhari, S., Armitage, C., Seeley, A., Jacobs, K. A., & Signorile, J. F. (2018). Effects of high-velocity circuit resistance and treadmill training on cardiometabolic risk, blood markers, and quality of life in older adults. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism=Physiologie ppliquee, nutrition et metabolisme, 43(8), 822–832. DOI:10.1139/apnm-2017-0807
Ross, R., Neeland, I. J., Yamashita, S., Shai, I., Seidell, J., Magni, P & Després, J. P. (2020). Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a Consensus Statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 16(3), 177-189. DOI: 10.1038/s4157 4-019-0310-7
Salas-Salvadó, J., Díaz-López, A., Ruiz-Canela, M., Basora, J., Fitó, M., Corella, D., Serra-Majem, L., Wärnberg, J., Romaguera, D., Estruch, R., Vidal, J., Martínez, J. A., Arós, F., Vázquez, C., Ros, E., Vioque, J., López-Miranda, J., Bueno-Cavanillas, A., Tur, J. A., Tinahones, F. J., PREDIMED-Plus investigators (2019). Effect of a Lifestyle Intervention Program With Energy-Restricted Mediterranean Diet and Exercise on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: One-Year Results of the PREDIMED-Plus Trial. Diabetes care, 42(5), 777–788. DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0836
Seip, R. L., & Semenkovich, C. F. (1998). Skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase: molecular regulation and physiological effects in relation to exercise. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 26, 191–218. Senkus, K. E., Crowe-White, K. M., Bolland, A. C., Locher, J. L., & Ard, J. D. (2022). Changes in adiponectin: leptin ratio among older adults with obesity following a 12-month exercise and diet intervention. Nutrition & diabetes, 12(1), 30. DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00207-1
Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2008). Sex differences in exercise metabolism and the role of 17-beta estradiol. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 40(4), 648-654. DOI:10.1249/mss.0b013e31816 212ff
Vekic, J., Zeljkovic, A., Stefanovic, A., Jelic-Ivanovic, Z., & Spasojevic-Kalimanovska, V. (2019). Obesity and dyslipidemia. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 92,71–81. DOI:10.1016/j.metabo l.2018. 11.005
Yoo, Y. K., Kim, S. K., & Song, M. S. (2013). Effects of muscular and aqua aerobic combined exercise on metabolic indices in elderly women with metabolic syndrome. Journal of exercise nu-trition & biochemistry, 17(4), 133–141. DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2013.17.4.133
Yoon, D. H., Kang, D., Kim, H. J., Kim, J. S., Song, H. S., & Song, W. (2017). Effect of elastic band-based high-speed power training on cognitive function, physical performance and muscle strength in older women with mild cognitive impairment. Geriatrics & gerontology interna-tional, 17(5), 765–772. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12784
Zatterale, F., Longo, M., Naderi, J., Raciti, G. A., Desiderio, A., Miele, C., & Beguinot, F. (2020). Chronic Adipose Tissue Inflammation Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabe-tes. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 1607. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01607
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Dagang Wang, Diyana Zulaika Abdul Ghani
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
