Ansiedad y fortaleza mental en jugadores de fútbol: un estudio de la Premier League de Kerala y la Premier League femenina de Kerala

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.112785

Palabras clave:

Resiliencia del atleta, ansiedad competitiva, psicología del fútbol, diferencias de género, Kerala Premier League, fortaleza mental

Resumen

Antecedentes: La ansiedad competitiva y la fortaleza mental son factores psicológicos críticos que influyen en el rendimiento deportivo. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre estos rasgos entre los futbolistas profesionales de ligas regionales como la Kerala Premier League (KPL) y la Women's Kerala Premier League (WKPL) sigue siendo limitada. Comprender las diferencias de género y el papel de la experiencia competitiva puede informar estrategias de entrenamiento mental específicas. Objetivo: Este estudio examinó las diferencias de género en la ansiedad competitiva deportiva y la fortaleza mental entre los futbolistas profesionales de la KPL y la WKPL. También exploró la relación entre la experiencia competitiva, la ansiedad y la fortaleza mental. Metodología: Se empleó un diseño cuantitativo transversal. Utilizando un muestreo intencional, se seleccionaron 64 futbolistas profesionales (32 hombres de la KPL y 32 mujeres de la WKPL) de entre 17 y 24 años con al menos un año de experiencia competitiva. Las evaluaciones psicológicas estandarizadas midieron la ansiedad competitiva deportiva y la fortaleza mental. Las pruebas t de muestras independientes analizaron las diferencias de género, mientras que la correlación de Pearson evaluó las asociaciones entre la experiencia, la ansiedad y la fortaleza mental. La significación estadística se estableció en p < 0,001.

Resultados: Las jugadoras mostraron una mayor ansiedad competitiva, mientras que los jugadores masculinos demostraron una mayor fortaleza mental. La experiencia competitiva se correlacionó con una menor ansiedad y una mayor fortaleza mental. Se observó una relación inversa significativa entre la ansiedad y la fortaleza mental.

Conclusión: Los hallazgos ponen de manifiesto las disparidades de género en la resiliencia psicológica, subrayando el papel de la experiencia en la reducción de la ansiedad y la mejora de la fortaleza mental. Las intervenciones psicológicas estructuradas y específicas de género son esenciales para optimizar el rendimiento del fútbol en las ligas regionales.

Citas

Alsnih, R., & Stopher, P. R. (2004). Estimating Eligibility Rates: Crucial Component of the Calculation for Response Rates. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1870(1), 94–105. https://doi.org/10.3141/1870-12

Bédard Thom, C., Guay, F., & Trottier, C. (2021). Mental toughness in sport: The Goal-Expectancy-Self-Control (GES) model. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(6), 627–643. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2020.1808736

Bédard-Thom, C., Guay, F., & Trottier, C. (2024). Mental toughness in sport: Testing the goal-expectancy-self-control (GES) model among runners and cyclists using cross-sectional and ex-perimental designs. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 22(3), 697–720. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2022.2161102

Benítez-Sillero, J. D. D., Martínez-Aranda, L. M., Sanz-Matesanz, M., & Domínguez-Escribano, M. (2021). Determining factors of psychological performance and differences among age categories in youth football players. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(14). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147713

Bois, J. E., Lalanne, J., & Delforge, C. (2009). The influence of parenting practices and parental presence on children’s and adolescents’ pre-competitive anxiety. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(10), 995–1005. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903062001

Bosque, R. A. D., García, S. L., Rodríguez, Ó. G., & Jiménez, M. A. (2024). Ansiedad y percepción de éxito en futbolistas de categoría cadete y juvenil Anxiety and perception of success in cadet and youth soccer players. Retos, 60, 1260–1270. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107208

Brophy, R. H., Backus, S., Kraszewski, A. P., Steele, B. C., Yan, M., Osei, D., & Williams, R. J. (2010). Differ-ences between sexes in lower extremity alignment and muscle activation during soccer kick. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 92(11), 2050–2058. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.01547

Carmen Martínez-Monteagudo, M., Inglés, C. J., Cano-Vindel, A., & García-Fernández, J. M. (2012). Cur-rent status of research on Lang’s three-dimensional theory of anxiety. Ansiedad y Estres, 18(2–3), 201–219. Scopus.

Clark, J. D., Mallett, C. J., Moyle, G. M., & Coulter, T. J. (2023). Understanding mental toughness at a Women’s Australian rules football club. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 67. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102432

Cook, C., Crust, L., Littlewood, M., Nesti, M., & Allen-Collinson, J. (2014). “What it takes”: Perceptions of mental toughness and its development in an English Premier League Soccer Academy. Qualita-tive Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 6(3), 329–347. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2013.857708

Crust, L., & Azadi, K. (2010). Mental toughness and athletes’ use of psychological strategies. European Journal of Sport Science, 10(1), 43–51. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390903049972

Filho, E., & Rettig, J. (2019). Self-confidence and collective efficacy in football. In Football Psychology: From Theory to Practice (pp. 226–240). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315268248-18

González-Estrada, E., Villaseñor, J. A., & Acosta-Pech, R. (2022). Shapiro-Wilk test for multivariate skew-normality. Computational Statistics, 37(4), 1985–2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-021-01188-y

Guillén, F., & Santana, J. (2018). Exploring mental toughness in soccer players of different levels of per-formance. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicologia Del Ejercicio y El Deporte, 13(2), 297–303. Scopus.

Hartley, C. A., & Phelps, E. A. (2012). Anxiety and decision-making. Biological Psychiatry, 72(2), 113–118. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.027

Ivaskevych, D., Fedorchuk, S., Petrushevskyi, Y., Borysova, O., Ivaskevych, O., Kohut, I., Marynych, V., & Tukaiev, S. (2020). Association between competitive anxiety, hardiness, and coping strategies: A study of the national handball team. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20, 359–365. Sco-pus. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.s1051

Jun Ming Benjamin, L., & Chee Keng John, W. (2021). Examining the moderation and mediation effects of mental toughness on perceived stress and anxiety amongst athletes and non-athletes. Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(2–3), 89–97. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsep.2021.09.001

Kang, H. (2021). Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 18, 17. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17

Karim, Z. A., Mazlan, A. N., Zakaria, J., Yasim, M. M., Hassan, S., & Suwankhong, D. (2019). The mental toughness of state and university football players in Malaysia. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3), 817–820. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.C4024.098319

Kristjánsdóttir, H., Jóhannsdóttir, K. R., Pic, M., & Saavedra, J. M. (2019). Psychological characteristics in women football players: Skills, mental toughness, and anxiety. Scandinavian Journal of Psy-chology, 60(6), 609–615. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12571

Kurimay, D., Pope-Rhodius, A., & Kondric, M. (2017). The relationship between stress and coping in table tennis. Journal of Human Kinetics, 55(1), 75–81. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0007

Liew, G. C., Kuan, G., Chin, N. S., & Hashim, H. A. (2019). Mental toughness in sport: Systematic review and future. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 49(4), 381–394. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-019-00603-3

Lim, K. J. Y., & Kee, K. M. (2023). Relationship of Personality Traits and Competitive Trait Anxiety in Recreational Individual Event Sports. In165–177. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2162-1_14

Lorimer, R. (2006). The relationship between self-presentational concerns and competitive anxiety: The influence of Gender. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 37(4), 317–329. Scopus.

Martens, R. (1977). Sport Competition Anxiety Test (pp. v, 150–v, 150).

Martens, R. (2014, April). Sport Competition Anxiety Test. In PsycTESTS Dataset. https://doi.org/10.1037/t27556-000

Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., & Burton, D. (1990). Competitive Anxiety in Sport. Human Kinetics.

Maurin, M., & Martinent, G. (2023). Longitudinal relationships between mental toughness, resilience, cognitive appraisals and perceived performance in competitive soccer goalkeepers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 41(23), 2153–2159. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2024.2317631

Morales-Sánchez, V., Caballero-Cerbán, M., Postigo-Martín, C., Morillo-Baro, J. P., Hernández-Mendo, A., & Reigal, R. E. (2022). Perceived Motivational Climate Determines Self-Confidence and Precompetitive Anxiety in Young Soccer Players: Analysis by Gender. Sustainability (Switzer-land), 14(23). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315673

Muñoz, A. S., Cayetano, A. R., Calle, R. C., Blanco, J. M. F., De Mena Ramos, J. M., Vicente, R. A., & Muñoz, S. P. (2017). Female Spanish athletes face pre-competition anxiety at the highest levels of compe-tition. Revista de Psicologia Del Deporte, 26, 39–44. Scopus.

Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., & Crust, L. (2011). Mental toughness, coping self-efficacy, and coping effectiveness among athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 42(6), 513–524. Scopus.

Öhman, A. (2007). Anxiety. In Encyclopedia of Stress (pp. 236–239). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012373947-6.00039-8

Olefir, V. (2018). Personality resources as a mediator of the relationship between antecedents of stress and pre-competitive anxiety. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(4), 2230–2234. Sco-pus. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2018.04335

Pedersen, A. V., Aksdal, I. M., & Stalsberg, R. (2019). Scaling demands of soccer according to anthropo-metric and physiological sex differences: A fairer comparison of men’s and women’s soccer. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(APR). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00762

Pinto, E. (2015). A Comparative Study of Mental Toughness between Individual Game and Team Game Players of Maharashtra. International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports, 4(4), 06–18. https://doi.org/10.26524/1542

Pons, J., Viladrich, C., Ramis, Y., & Polman, R. (2018). The mediating role of coping between competitive anxiety and sport commitment in adolescent athletes. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 21. Sco-pus. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2018.8

Rodrigues, D., Rodrigues, N., & Rebelo, T. (2024). Extending the understanding of the impact of consci-entiousness on individual soccer performance: Examining the mediating role of mental tough-ness. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 12(2), 140–151. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp/163181

Schaefer, J., Vella, S. A., Allen, M. S., & Magee, C. A. (2016). Competition Anxiety, Motivation, and Mental Toughness in Golf. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(3), 309–320. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1162219

Soundara Pandian, P. R., Balaji Kumar, V., Kannan, M., Gurusamy, G., & Lakshmi, B. (2023). Impact of mental toughness on athlete’s performance and interventions to improve. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 34(4), 409–418. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2022-0129

Sultanov, M. B. (2024). The Association Between Social Desirability and Competitive Anxiety in Young Football Players with Different Qualifications. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 17(3), 114–124. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.11621/pir.2024.0308

Sultanov, M., & İsmailova, K. (2019). EEG rhythms in prefrontal cortex as predictors of anxiety among youth soccer players. Translational Sports Medicine, 2(4), 203–208. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.72

Trandafirescu, E.-A., Cojanu, F., Fleancu, J. L., Mihai, I., Trandafirescu, G., & Potop, V. (2024). Multidi-mensional sport competitive anxiety among women football players according to playing posi-tion. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 24(9), 1186–1193. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2024.09243

Verdaguer, F. J. P., Más, A. G., Ramón, J. C., & Conti, J. V. (2017). Gender differences in relation to anxiety associated with sports competitions. Retos, 31, 193–196. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V0I31.40325

Wheatley, C., Batey, M., Denovan, A., & Dagnall, N. (2023). Mental toughness in the Football Association Women’s Super League: Relationships with playing experience, perceptions of club infrastruc-ture, support mechanisms and self-esteem. PLoS ONE, 18(5 MAY). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285594

Descargas

Publicado

2025-03-27

Cómo citar

PM, A., S, S., NK, A. A., AK, S., Azeezul Kabeer, D., & W, V. (2025). Ansiedad y fortaleza mental en jugadores de fútbol: un estudio de la Premier League de Kerala y la Premier League femenina de Kerala. Retos, 66, 1025–1036. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.112785

Número

Sección

Experiencias didácticas desarrollas e investigadas con trabajo empírico

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a