Factores que influyen en la tasa de abandono deportivo entre las adolescentes: un estudio sobre la autopercepción y la identidad deportiva

Autores/as

  • Laura Moreno-Vitoria Universitat de València
  • Ruth Cabeza-Ruiz Universidad de Sevilla
  • Laura Antón-González Universitat de València
  • Maite Pellicer-Chenoll Universitat de València

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.113145

Palabras clave:

Abandono, Adolescencia, Chicas, Deporte, Identidad deportiva

Resumen

Introducción: La adolescencia es un periodo crucial marcado por cambios a nivel físico, psicológico, emocional y social. Durante esta etapa, las tasas de abandono deportivo de las adolescentes son especialmente elevadas y, por lo general, practican deporte con menor frecuencia y regularidad que los chicos.

Objetivo: Analizar la autopercepción y la identidad deportiva en un grupo de adolescentes deportistas.

Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal y se registraron estas variables mediante dos escalas estandarizadas sobre una muestra de 217 deportistas inscritos.

Resultados: Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre chicos y chicas en su autopercepción de competencia, autonomía e identidad deportiva, potencialmente relacionadas con la socialización diferenciada por género respecto a los conceptos tradicionales de masculinidad y feminidad. También mostraron que los estereotipos de género deberían eliminarse para igualar el desarrollo de la identidad de las niñas deportistas, mejorar su experiencia deportiva y reducir su tasa de abandono.

Discusión: Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto el impacto de la socialización y los estereotipos de género en la autopercepción y la identidad deportiva de las adolescentes. Abordar estas cuestiones mediante intervenciones específicas podría fomentar experiencias deportivas más equitativas y reducir las tasas de abandono entre las atletas adolescentes.

Conclusiones: Este estudio ha evidenciado una menor autopercepción e identidad deportiva en las adolescentes, vinculada a los estereotipos de género y el androcentrismo en el deporte, haciendo hincapié en las intervenciones para reducir las tasas de abandono deportivo de las niñas.

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14-07-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Moreno-Vitoria, L., Cabeza-Ruiz, R., Antón-González, L., & Pellicer-Chenoll, M. (2025). Factores que influyen en la tasa de abandono deportivo entre las adolescentes: un estudio sobre la autopercepción y la identidad deportiva. Retos, 70, 149-160. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.113145