Comparación entre la terapia de ondas de choque extracorpóreas y la proloterapia con dextrosa sobre el rendimiento del músculo cuádriceps en la osteoartritis de rodilla

Autores/as

  • Lydia Arfianti Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9136-7438
  • I Putu Alit Pawana Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/ Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
  • Nurul Kusuma Wardani Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/ Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-9441
  • Abdul Jabbar Al Hayyan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/ Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3143-1994
  • Fahmi Aulia Rizqi Resident of Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/ Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4321-6640
  • I Made Yoga Prabawa Resident of Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/ Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
  • Andre Bayu Nugroho Resident of Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/ Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2903-6413
  • Luh Putu Surya Handarini Resident of Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/ Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5058-6553

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.113579

Palabras clave:

Proloterapia con dextrosa (DP), Terapia de ondas de choque extracorpóreas (ESWT), Osteoartritis, Músculo cuádriceps, Vasto oblicuo medial (VMO), buena salud, bienestar

Resumen

Introducción: El grupo muscular cuádriceps femoral presenta frecuentemente debilidad en individuos diagnosticados con osteoartritis de rodilla (OA). Esta debilidad surge de la atrofia muscular y de mecanismos como la inhibición muscular artrogénica. Las terapias emergentes como la proloterapia hipertónica con dextrosa (PD) y la terapia de ondas de choque extracorpóreas (TOCE) ofrecen una intervención prometedora para la OA de rodilla, centrándose en el alivio del dolor y la mejora funcional. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar y comparar los efectos entre la PD y la TCE sobre el dolor, el grosor del músculo cuádriceps femoral y la actividad electromiográfica (EMG) del oblicuo medial vasto (VMO) en pacientes con OA de rodilla. Métodos: Dieciocho sujetos con artrosis unilateral de rodilla de grado 2-3 (Kellgren-Lawrence) asignados aleatoriamente a los grupos ESWT y DP. El grupo ESWT recibió seis sesiones de terapia ESWT focalizada, con un intervalo de 1 semana. El grupo de proloterapia con dextrosa (DP) recibió un régimen de tres inyecciones con un intervalo de 3 semanas entre ellas. La puntuación VAS, el grosor del músculo cuádriceps femoral medido por ecografía musculoesquelética y la actividad EMG del VMO registrada por EMG de superficie (sEMG) se midieron antes y después de las intervenciones. Resultados: Hubo una mejora significativa de la puntuación VAS tanto en el grupo DP (p = 0,007) como en el grupo ESWT (p = 0,006). El grosor del músculo cuádriceps femoral no mostró una mejora significativa en ambos grupos (p > 0,05), mientras que la actividad sEMG del VMO mostró una mejora del VMOmax en el grupo ESWT (p < 0,001) y del VMOavg en ambos grupos (p = 0,012 y p = 0,001). Conclusión: Tanto la ESWT como la DP mejoraron el dolor y la actividad electromiográfica del músculo VMO en pacientes con artrosis de rodilla, con resultados comparables entre las dos intervenciones. No se encontraron cambios significativos en el grosor del músculo cuádriceps femoral en ambos grupos después de las intervenciones.

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Publicado

2025-05-17

Cómo citar

Arfianti, L., Pawana, I. P. A., Wardani, N. K., Hayyan, A. J. A., Rizqi, F. A., Prabawa, I. M. Y., … Handarini, L. P. S. (2025). Comparación entre la terapia de ondas de choque extracorpóreas y la proloterapia con dextrosa sobre el rendimiento del músculo cuádriceps en la osteoartritis de rodilla. Retos, 68, 224–233. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.113579

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas