El papel mediador de la adicción al juego online en el efecto de la ansiedad futura sobre el bajo rendimiento académico entre los estudiantes universitarios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.113935Palabras clave:
Adicción al juego en línea, bajo rendimiento académico, ansiedad futuraResumen
Introducción: Los estudiantes que tienen que hacer frente a diversos exámenes y preocupaciones académicas para poder acceder a la educación superior pueden encontrarse con muchos problemas, como problemas académicos, económicos, sociales, de desarrollo, psicológicos, familiares y ansiedad futura a lo largo de su vida de educación superior.
Objetivo: Este estudio examinó el efecto mediador de la adicción al juego en línea en el efecto de la ansiedad futura sobre el bajo rendimiento académico, basándose en cuatro hipótesis.
Metodología: Este estudio empleó un modelo de cribado relacional y la muestra para este estudio comprendió a 1.414 estudiantes universitarios. “Escala de ansiedad futura en estudiantes universitarios”, “Escala de adicción al juego en línea” y “Escala de bajo rendimiento académico percibido” se utilizaron como herramientas de recopilación de datos.
Resultados: Los resultados de los análisis realizados para determinar la relación entre las variables revelaron que había una diferencia moderada, positiva y significativa entre la ansiedad futura y el bajo rendimiento académico percibido y una diferencia débil, positiva y significativa entre la adicción al juego en línea, mientras que había una relación débil, positiva y significativa entre el bajo rendimiento académico percibido y la adicción al juego en línea.
Discusiones: El estudio también concluyó que la adicción al juego en línea tiene un efecto positivo y significativo en el bajo rendimiento académico. Se concluyó que la adicción al juego en línea juega un papel mediador parcial en el efecto de la ansiedad futura en el bajo rendimiento académico.
Conclusión: Las cuatro hipótesis (H1, H2, H3 y H4) fueron apoyadas. Con base en los resultados de este estudio, se ofrecieron recomendaciones.
Citas
Ağırtaş, A., & Güler, Ç. (2020). Sosyal medya kullanan üniversite öğrencilerinin internet bağımlılığı ve sosyal kaygı durumlarının değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of internet addiction and social anxiety status of university students using social media]. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 76-89. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1175844.
Akay, B., Ayhan, R., Orhan, R., & Öçalan, M. (2023). Üniversite öğrencilerinin serbest zaman yönetimi ile teknoloji bağımlılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Examining university students' free time management and technology addiction levels]. Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(1), 71-84. https://dx.doi.org/10.46442/intjcss.1168021.
Akpur, U. (2015). İngilizce hazırlık programı öğrencilerinin akademik motivasyon, kaygı ve tutumları ile akademik başarıları arasındaki ilişkiler örüntüsü [The relationship pattern between academic motivation, anxiety and attitudes of English preparatory program students and their academic success]. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis), Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul. https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/395578.
Altıntaş, M. (2018). Kumar oynama bozukluğu tanısı olan hastalarda, anksiyete, depresyon, ruminasyon ve dürtüsellik [Anxiety, depression, rumination and impulsivity in patients diagnosed with gambling disorder]. Çukurova Medical Journal, 43(3), 624-633. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.356820.
Arroyo del Bosque, R., López García, S., González Rodíguez, Óscar, & Amatria Jiménez, M. (2024). Anxiety and perception of success in cadet and youth soccer players. Retos, 60, 1260–1270. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107208
Azher, M., Anwar, M. N., & Naz, A. (2010). An investigation of foreign language classroom anxiety and its relationship with students achievement. Journal of College Teaching and Learning (TLC), 7(11), 33-40. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268110439.pdf.
Blaszczynski, A., & McConaghy, N. (1989). Anxiety and/or depression in the pathogenesis of addictive gambling. International Journal of the Addictions, 24(4), 337-350. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2793286/.
Bozgün, K., Can, F., & Baytemir, K. (2022). Adaptation of the triarchic model of grit scale and perceived academic underachievement scale into Turkish. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 9(3), 691-705. https://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2022.9.3.736
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods] (23rd edition). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Chóliz, M. (2016). The challenge of online gambling: The effect of legalization on the increase in online gambling addiction. Journal of gambling studies, 32, 749-756. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9558-6.
Coman, G. J., Burrows, G. D., & Evans, B. J. (1997). Stress and anxiety as factors in the onset of problem gambling: Implications for treatment. Stress Medicine, 13(4), 235-244. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1997-43751-003.
Corey, G. (2008). Psikolojik danışma, psikoterapi kuram ve uygulamaları. Mentis Yayınları.
Creswell, J. W. (2017). Eğitim araştırmaları nicel ve nitel araştırmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi [Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research in education research]. EDAM Yayınları.
Dağtekin, G., Dalkılıç, M. B., Çakıcı, F., Çakır, A., Ekin, A. E., Öztunç, D., & Işıklı, B. (2020). Future anxiety, depression and stress among medical students. Türk Tıp Öğrencileri Araştırma Dergisi, 2(3), 135-142. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1156277.
Doğan, A. (2008). Lise öğrencilerinin İngilizce öğrenimlerini etkileyen yabancı dil kaygısı [Foreign language anxiety affecting high school students' English learning]. Dil Dergisi, 139, 48-67. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/780295.
Donat, A., Bilgiç, B., Eskiocak, A., & Koşar, D., (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sorunları ve çözüm önerileri [Problems of university students and solutions]. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi 3, 451-459. https://doi.org/10.5961/jhes.2019.345.
Dursun, A., & Özkan, M. S. (2019). Ergenlerin gelecek kaygıları ile psikolojik sağlamlıkları arasındaki ilişkide yaşam doyumunun aracı rolü [The mediating role of life satisfaction in the relationship between adolescents' future concerns and psychological resilience]. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(5), 23-37. https://dx.doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.508996
Frings, D., Sykes, S., Ojo, A., Rowlands, G., Trasolini, A., Dadaczynski, K., ... & Wills, J. (2022). Differences in digital health literacy and future anxiety between health care and other university students in England during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 658-667. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13087-y.
Gedikli, E., & Akdoğan, R. (2023). Sağlık yönetimi öğrencilerinin gelecek kaygısı ile mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between future anxiety and happiness levels of health management students]. Abant Sağlık Bilimleri ve Teknolojileri Dergisi, 3(3), 1-12. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3318195
Geylani, M. (2024). Gelecek kaygısı yaşayan üniversite öğrencilerine uygulanan aile danışmanlığı programının kaygı ve bilinçli farkındalık düzeyine etkisi [The effect of family counseling program applied to university students experiencing future anxiety on anxiety and conscious awareness levels.]. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Geylani, M., & Çiriş-Yıldız, C. (2022). Üniversite öğrencilerinde gelecek kaygısı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. [Development of a scale of future anxiety in university students: A validity and reliability study]. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 10(1), 284-300. https://dx.doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1011330
Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (2000). Adolescents with gambling problems: From research to treatment. Journal of Gambling studies, 16, 315-342. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1009493200768.pdf.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203.
Hammad, M. A. (2016). Future anxiety and its relationship to students' attitude toward academic specialization. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(15), 54-65. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1103253.pdf.
Hayırcı, B., & Sarı, E. (2020). Lise öğrencilerinin akıllı telefon bağımlılık düzeyleri ile sosyal kaygı ve yalnızlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between smartphone addiction levels and social anxiety and loneliness levels of high school students]. Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 61-79. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1163326.
Hewitt, E., & Stephenson, J. (2012). Foreign language anxiety and oral exam performance: A replication of Phillips's MLJ study. The Modern Language Journal, 96(2), 170-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2011.01174.x.
Hodapp, V. (1989). Anxiety, fear of failure, and achievement: Two path-analytical models. Anxiety Research, 1(4), 301-312. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08917778908248727.
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60. https://arrow.tudublin.ie/buschmanart/2/.
https://ourworldindata.org/population-growth-over-time. Access Date:16.04.2025.
https://udef.org.tr/ Access Date: 01.11.2024
Huțul, T. D., & Karner-Huțuleac, A. (2022). The level of gambling prediction using depression and anxiety in the Romanian population. Journal of Gambling Studies, 38(2), 653-662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-021-10051-0.
Indra, I. M., Japari, A., Novika, F., Septivani, C. N., Rosmayanti, M., Karina, E., & Chalista, B. (2025). The phenomenon of online gambling under the guise of online games among the younger generation. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Literature, 4(1), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.53067/ijomral.v4i1
İli, B. (2024). Çevrimiçi kumarın sosyal medyada tehlikeli yükselişi: Youtube videoları üzerine bir inceleme [The dangerous rise of online gambling on social media: A review of YouTube videos]. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 12(2), 793-815. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3609633.
İncekara, H. İ., & Taş, B. (2022). Yetişkinlerde kumar bağımlılığı ile ilişkili sosyodemografik değişkenlerin incelenmesi [Examining sociodemographic variables associated with gambling addiction in adults]. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 23(4), 464-472. https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1024383
Jaisoorya, T. S., Beena, K. V., Beena, M., Ellangovan, K., Thennarassu, K., Bowden-Jones, H., ... & George, S. (2017). Do high school students in India gamble? A study of problem gambling and its correlates. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33, 449-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-016-9651-5
Joseph, F., Hair, J. R., William, C., Black, J., & Rolph, E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis. Hampshire.
Karaibrahimoğlu, A., Kişioğlu, A. N., Çoban, B., Yıldırım, A., & Yılmaz, S. D. (2021). Validity and reliability study of online gambling addiction scale (OGAS). Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 8(3), 186-193. https://dx.doi.org/10.5152/ADDICTA.2021.21006
Karasar, N. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi [Scientific research method]. (25th Edition). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
Karayaşar, E. (2019). Lise giriş sınavına hazırlanan öğrencilerin sınav kaygısı ile başarısızlık nedenleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between test anxiety and reasons for failure of students preparing for the high school entrance exam]. (Unpublished Master Thesis), İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, İstanbul. https://acikerisim.gelisim.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11363/2254.
Kerber, C. S., Black, D. W., & Buckwalter, K. (2008). Comorbid psychiatric disorders among older adult recovering pathological gamblers. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 29(9), 1018-1028. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840802274933.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press.
Köknel, Ö. (1989). Genel ve klinik psikiyatri [General and clinical psychiatry]. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
Mamani-Jilaja, D., Laque-Córdova, G. F., & Flores-Chambilla, S. G. (2024). Mobile phone dependence and low physical activity in university students. Retos, 56, 974–980. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.102326.
Matar-Boumosleh, J., & Jaalouk, D. (2017). Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students-A cross sectional study. PloS one, 12(8), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0182239.
McCormack, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). The effects of problem gambling on quality of life and wellbeing. Gambling Research, 23(1), 63-81
Mofatteh, M., (2021). Risk factors associated with stress, anxiety, and depression among university undergraduate students. AIMS Public Health, 8(1), 36-65. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2021004.
Mohd-Shukry, A. I., Zaidi, N. A. S., Mat-Nawi, N. A. M., Abdullah, N., Nik-Rosli, N. N. I., & Idris, Z. (2024). Gaming addiction and academic performance: A battle for student success. Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development (JISED), 9(66), 698 – 706. https://doi.org/10.55573/JISED.096657.
Mueller, E. M., Nguyen, J., Ray, W. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2010). Future-oriented decision-making in generalized anxiety disorder is evident across different versions of the Iowa Gambling Task. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41(2), 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.12.002.
Nderitu, J. K., Wambiya, P., & Mwaniki, C. N. (2024). The influence of sports betting, lottery and slot gambling on the academic performance of students in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. Journal of Popular Education in Africa, 8(8), 25-38. https://jopea.org/images/journals/jul-sep-2024/PDF_Nderitu_et_al_The_Influence_Of_Sports_Betting_In_Schools_in_Nakuru_Kenya.pdf.
Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T. W., Cronce, J. M., & Larimer, M. E. (2002). Exploring college student gambling motivation. Journal of gambling studies, 18, 361-370. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1021065116500.pdf
Nishitani, M., & Toshiki, M. (2011). The relationship between language anxiety, interpretation of anxiety, intrinsic motivation and the use of learning strategies. US-China Education Review, 3, 438-446. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED524889.pdf.
Nnebe, C., & Obikeze, N. (2024). Influence of internet addiction and gambling passion on academic engagement of public university students in Anambra State. Int'l Journal of Education Research and Scientific Development, 6(1), 22-33. https://ww25.ijresd.org/index.php/IJRESD/article/view/162?subid1=20250419-2155-02ad-bf71-d76c87f33c7b.
Öner, N., & Le Compte, A., (1985). Durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı [State-trait anxiety inventory manual]. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Özkan, C., & Gizir, S. (2013). Lisans öğrencilerini yükseköğrenim görmeye yönelten nedenler ve sosyalleşme taktikleri [Reasons and socialization tactics that lead undergraduate students to pursue higher education]. Eğitim ve Bilim, 38(170), 223-236. https://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/1828.
Öztürkmen, G. (2023). Yetişkin bireylerin çevrimiçi kumar bağımlılığının dürtüsellik ile ilişkisi [The relationship between online gambling addiction and impulsivity in adults]. (Unpublished Master Thesis), İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, İstanbul. https://acikerisim.gelisim.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11363/7110.
Polat, E. (2017). Kaygı düzeyi ve akademik özyeterlik inancının akademik başarı ile ilişkisi [The relationship between anxiety level and academic self-efficacy belief and academic success.]. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(1), 1-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/yead.312024.
Rabei, S., Ramadan, S., & Abdallah, N. (2020). Self-efficacy and future anxiety among students of nursing and education colleges of Helwan University. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 27, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-00049-6.
Rizeanu, S. (2013). Pathological gambling in relation to anxiety and identity status. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 78, 748-752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.388.
Scorzelli, J. F., & Chaudhry, S. Z. (2009). Relationship between anxiety and addiction to a depressant drug. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 41(1), 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2009.10400675.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74. https://www.psycharchives.org/en/item/1a8dea48-0285-4dac-a612-9dc0ff2532f6.
Spronken-Smith, R. A., Bond, C, Buissink-Smith, N., & Grigg, G. (2009). Millennium graduates’ orientations to higher education. College Student Journal, 43(2), 352-365. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ872250.
Statista, (2024). Access Address: https://www.statista.com/outlook/amo/gambling/worldwide#key-market-indicators. Access Date:16.04.2025.
Ste‐marie, C., Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (2002). Anxiety and social stress related to adolescent gambling behaviour. International Gambling Studies, 2(1), 123-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459790208732303.
Şanlı-Kula, K., & Saraç, T. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinin gelecek kaygısı [University students' concerns about the future]. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(33), 227-242. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/183475.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th Edition). Pearson Publications.
Tekindal, M., & Çalışkan, B. (2016). Üniversite 1. sınıf öğrencilerinin çevrimiçi oyun oynama ve yalnızlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi: Hacettepe Üniversitesi İİBF örneği [Examining the online gaming and loneliness levels of first year university students: Hacettepe University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences example]. Ufkun Ötesi Bilim Dergisi, 16(1), 1-26. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/626789
Topcu, Y., & Uzundumlu, A. (2012). The analysis of the factors affecting the students failure in higher education. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2, Ek. A), 51-58. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jist/issue/7930/104311.
Türkçapar, M. H., Sungur, M., & Sargın, E., (2015). Bilişsel davranışçı terapiler [Cognitive behavioral therapies]. In Köroğlu, E., and Türkçapar, H., (Eds.), Psikoterapi yöntemleri [Psychotherapy methods], (77-144). HYB Yayıncılık.
Ünlü, C. Ş., & Noyan, C. O. (2024). Kumar oynama bozukluğu [Gambling disorder]. Current Addiction Research, 8(1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.32739/car.2024.8.1.223.
Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., Girard, A., Dionne, G., & Boivin, M. (2018). Longitudinal links between gambling participation and academic performance in youth: a test of four models. Journal of gambling studies, 34, 881-892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9736-9
Wahlström, J., & Olsson, G. (2023). Poor school performance and gambling among adolescents: Can the association be moderated by conditions in school?. Addictive behaviors reports, 18, 100508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100508
Weinstein, A., Dorani, D., Elhadif, R., Bukovza, Y., Yarmulnik, A., & Dannon, P. (2015). Internet addiction is associated with social anxiety in young adults. Annals of clinical psychiatry, 27(1), 4-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25696775/.
Yeşilyurt, F. (2020). Gaming duration and preferences: Relationships with psychiatric health, gaming addiction scores and academic success in high school students. International Education Studies, 13(12), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n12p111.
Yıldırım, O., & Kumcağız, H. (2022). Psikodinamik yaklaşıma göre insan davranışının incelenmesi [Study of human behavior according to the psychodynamic approach]. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(40), 103-132. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1052683.
Zaleski Z. (1996). Future anxiety: Concept, measurement, and preliminary research. Personality and individual differences, 21, 165-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00070-0.
Zhu, X. (2024). The influence of technology: Internet gambling among college students. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2024.2404733.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Murat Korucuk

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess