El efecto del ejercicio con pelota de golf sobre el índice tobillo-brazo en la diabetes mellitus: un estudio piloto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.114145Palabras clave:
Diabetes, Terapia de ejercicios, Pies, Pelotas de golf, Índice tobillo-brazoResumen
Introducción: La desregulación de la insulina en la diabetes mellitus (DM) contribuye a alteraciones de la circulación periférica, que pueden cuantificarse mediante el índice tobillo-brazo (ITB). El ejercicio regular de los pies es esencial para mejorar el flujo sanguíneo y prevenir complicaciones vasculares. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del ejercicio de los pies con una pelota de golf sobre el ITB en pacientes con DM tipo 2 (DM2).
Métodos: Se empleó un diseño cuantitativo de un grupo, con preprueba y posprueba. Se reclutaron 137 pacientes con DM2, de entre 36 y 59 años, de cuatro centros de atención primaria en Surabaya, Indonesia. Todos los participantes presentaron niveles de glucemia en ayunas superiores a 126 mg/dl durante el mes anterior. La intervención consistió en ejercicios de los pies con una pelota de golf, realizados dos veces al día durante 5 minutos durante 14 días consecutivos. Se obtuvieron mediciones del ITB antes y después de la intervención, y se utilizó la prueba de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon para analizar los datos. Resultados: Un total de 137 participantes (edad media de 53,4 ± 5,3 años, 69 % mujeres) completaron la intervención de 14 días. La mediana del ITB aumentó significativamente de 0,94 (RIC: 0,3) antes de la intervención a 1,08 (RIC: 0,2) después de la intervención (p < 0,001), lo que indica una mejora de la función arterial periférica. La regresión logística binaria mostró que los participantes tenían mayor probabilidad de alcanzar un ITB normal después de la intervención (OR: 14,9; IC del 95 %: 3,3-66,4; p < 0,001). Los análisis estratificados por género confirmaron mejoras significativas del ITB tanto en hombres como en mujeres (p < 0,001). Conclusión: Un régimen de ejercicios de pies de 14 días utilizando una pelota de golf mejoró eficazmente el ITB en pacientes con diabetes de tipo 2, lo que sugiere una posible reducción del riesgo de enfermedad arterial periférica.
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