Efectos del entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad en condiciones hipóxicas sobre el rendimiento del sistema energético en futbolistas universitarios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.115923Palabras clave:
Capacidad aeróbica, capacidad anaeróbica, preparación física en fútbol, entrenamiento en hipoxia, entrenamiento por intervalosResumen
Introducción: El HIIT es eficaz para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo, pero sus efectos bajo hipoxia simulada frente a condiciones normóxicas siguen siendo poco estudiados, especialmente en deportes intermitentes como el fútbol.
Objetivo: Evaluar si el HIIT en hipoxia simulada mejora más el rendimiento aeróbico y anaeróbico que el HIIT en normoxia y el entrenamiento convencional en futbolistas universitarios.
Metodología: Veinticuatro futbolistas universitarios fueron asignados aleatoriamente a tres grupos: HIIT en hipoxia, HIIT en normoxia y control. Durante cuatro semanas, los grupos experimentales realizaron HIIT específico al fútbol en condiciones asignadas, mientras todos continuaron con su entrenamiento regular. Se evaluaron VO₂max, Yo-Yo IR1, RAST y sprint de 30 metros antes y después de la intervención.
Resultados: El grupo HIIT en hipoxia mostró mejoras significativas en VO₂max y en la distancia del Yo-Yo IR1 (p < 0.01), así como mejoras moderadas en la potencia máxima del RAST. El rendimiento del sistema ATP-PC mostró pocos cambios. Estas mejoras fueron superiores a las de los otros grupos.
Discusión: La hipoxia simulada parece actuar como un estímulo adicional que favorece la adaptación aeróbica, en línea con estudios previos sobre la mejora del transporte de oxígeno y la función mitocondrial.
Conclusiones: El HIIT en hipoxia simulada mejora eficazmente la capacidad aeróbica y aspectos clave del rendimiento anaeróbico, siendo una estrategia de acondicionamiento eficiente para el fútbol competitivo.
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