Mejora de la fuerza muscular y la composición corporal tras entrenamiento de resistencia de baja carga con restricción del flujo sanguíneo e hipoxia en varones no entrenados

Autores/as

  • Arunya Buttichak Area of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Ubon Ratchathani University https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9035-7514
  • Chaiyawat Namboonlue Program of Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7662-9559
  • Sarawut Poca Area of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Ubon Ratchathani University https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3207-2300
  • Chaowanan Tanok Area of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Ubon Ratchathani University
  • Sarocha Namboonlue Program of Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9594-0052

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.116350

Palabras clave:

Restricción del flujo sanguíneo, composición corporal, hipoxia, entrenamiento de resistencia con baja carga, fuerza y resistencia muscular

Resumen

Introducción: El entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad puede aumentar el riesgo de lesiones musculoesqueléticas y dificultar la ejecución óptima del rendimiento.

Objetivo: Este estudio comparó los efectos del entrenamiento de baja carga con BFR e hipoxia sobre la composición corporal, fuerza y resistencia en varones universitarios no entrenados.

Metodología: Cuarenta y cinco estudiantes varones de la Universidad Rajabhat de Ubon Ratchathani fueron asignados intencionalmente a tres grupos (n = 15): 1) alta carga (HLRT), 2) baja carga con restricción del flujo sanguíneo (LLBFR), y 3) baja carga con hipoxia (LLHYP). Todos entrenaron tres veces por semana durante cinco semanas.

Resultados: Después de cinco semanas de entrenamiento, todos los grupos mostraron mejoras significativas en la masa libre de grasa, la masa muscular esquelética y el rendimiento (p < 0.05). El grupo LLHYP también presentó una reducción significativa en el grosor del pliegue cutáneo y un mayor perímetro del brazo (p < 0.05). Todos los grupos mejoraron en fuerza y resistencia, pero el grupo LLHYP demostró una resistencia significativamente mayor que el grupo HLRT en ambos ejercicios (p = 0.021 y 0.003, respectivamente), y superó al grupo LLBFR en la máquina de fondos (p = 0.032).

Discusión: Los resultados indican que el LLBFR y el LLHYP pueden igualar al HLRT en fuerza y composición corporal a corto plazo. Además, el LLHYP destacó en resistencia, posiblemente por adaptaciones fisiológicas a la hipoxia.

Conclusiones: El entrenamiento de baja carga con BFR e hipoxia mejoró eficazmente la composición corporal, fuerza y resistencia de bíceps y tríceps, siendo una alternativa segura para varones no entrenados.

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Publicado

2025-06-24

Cómo citar

Buttichak, A., Namboonlue , C., Poca , S., Tanok, C., & Namboonlue, S. (2025). Mejora de la fuerza muscular y la composición corporal tras entrenamiento de resistencia de baja carga con restricción del flujo sanguíneo e hipoxia en varones no entrenados. Retos, 68, 1888–1899. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.116350

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas