Rendimiento en sprint según el estado madurativo de futbolistas sub- 13 y sub-14 de un club profesional

Autores/as

  • José Zapata Bastías Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida. Entrenador Deportivo. Universidad Viña del Mar
  • Guillermo Cortés Roco Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida. Entrenador Deportivo. Universidad Viña del Mar
  • Claudio Salinas González Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida. Entrenador Deportivo. Universidad Viña del Mar
  • Fernanda Aguirre Ramírez Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida. Entrenador Deportivo. Universidad Viña del Mar
  • Jessica Muñoz Ortiz Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida. Entrenador Deportivo. Universidad Viña del Mar.
  • Rodrigo Yañez Sepúlveda Facultade Educación y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Andrés Bello

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.116539

Palabras clave:

(Sprinting, speed meters, sports performance, athletes)

Resumen

Introducción: En el fútbol juvenil, los cambios relacionados con la madurez en el rendimiento físico varían significativamente entre jugadores. Objetivo: comparar el rendimiento en sprint entre jugadores sub-13 y sub-14 de un club profesional según el nivel de madurez. Metodología: Estudio no experimental con enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y comparativo. La muestra consistió en 47 jugadores sub-13 y sub-14 de un club profesional. Se estimó la velocidad de altura máxima (VPH): pre-PHV (<-1,0 años, n=21), med-PHV (-0,99 a 0,5 años, n=21) y post-PHV (>0,5 años, n=5). Se realizó una prueba de sprint de 30 metros utilizando un codificador lineal, y se obtuvieron los resultados de los perfiles de fuerza-velocidad, fuerza máxima (F0), velocidad (V0) y potencia (Pmax). Se aplicó una prueba ANOVA para comparar los perfiles en función del PHV. Resultados: La velocidad máxima (7,76± 0,74 vs 7,34± 0,7; Pb = 0,015; TE=0,91), la Pmax (813,84±211,79 vs 619,08± 123,8; Pb = 0,004; TE=1,05) y la Fmax (440,96± 43,14 vs 351,07± 49,16; Pb = < 0,001; TE=1,54) fueron significativamente mayores en med-PHV vs  pre-PHV. Mientras que la velocidad en los 5-10 m. (2,19± 0,11 vs 2,08± 0,07; Pb= 0,004; TE=1,28), 10-15 m. (2,95± 0,16 vs 2,79± 0,10; Pb= 0,004; TE=0,75), 20-25 m. (4,40± 0,26 frente a 4,12± 0,16; Pb= 0,012; TE=1,14) y 25-30 m. (5,12± 0,33 frente a 4,78± 0,19; Pb= 0,014; TE=0,95) fueron significativamente inferiores en med-PHV. Discusión: Estos resultados indican que la edad biológica afecta a la velocidad máxima, la potencia máxima, la fuerza máxima y el tiempo de sprint en jugadores sub-13 y sub-14 de un club profesional.  Conclusiones: Los resultados indican diferencias en el rendimiento en sprint entre los jóvenes futbolistas, principalmente entre las etapas pre-PHV y mid-PHV.

Referencias

Asadi, A., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Arazi, H., & Sáez de Villarreal, E. (2018). The effects of maturation on jumping ability and sprint adaptations to plyometric training in youth soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 36(21), 2405–2411. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1459151

Balyi, I., & Hamilton, A. (2004). Long-term athlete development: Trainability in childhood and adolescence. Olympic coach, 16(1), 4-9. Windows of opportunity. Optimal Trainability. Victoria, BC: National Coaching Institute British Columbia & Advanced Training and Performance Ltd.

Behringer, M., Vom Heede, A., Yue, Z., & Mester, J. (2010). Effects of resistance training in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 126(5), e1199–e1210. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-0445

Caccese, J. B., Buckley, T. A., Tierney, R. T., Rose, W. C., Glutting, J. J., & Kaminski, T. W. (2018). Sex and age differences in head acceleration during purposeful soccer heading. Research in sports medicine (Print), 26(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2017.1393756

Cetin, E., Hindistan, I. E., & Ozkaya, Y. G. (2018). Effect of Different Training Methods on Stride Parameters in Speed Maintenance Phase of 100-m Sprint Running. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 32(5), 1263–1272. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001977

Chaabene, H., & Negra, Y. (2017). The Effect of Plyometric Training Volume on Athletic Performance in Prepubertal Male Soccer Players. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 12(9), 1205–1211. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0372

Faude, O., Koch, T., & Meyer, T. (2012). Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football. Journal of sports sciences, 30(7), 625–631. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.665940

Fernández Galván , L. M. ., Castaño-Zambudio, A., Gil-Arias, A. ., & Casado, A. (2024). Pérdida de rendimiento en sprints resistidos asociado a la madurez en jóvenes futbolistas (Performance loss in resisted sprints associated with maturity in young soccer players). Retos, 59, 94–102. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.107177

Fernández-Galván, L. M., Jiménez-Reyes, P., Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V., & Casado, A. (2022). Sprint Performance and Mechanical Force-Velocity Profile among Different Maturational Stages in Young Soccer Players. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(3), 1412. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031412

Fernández-Galván, L. M., Boullosa, D., Jiménez-Reyes, P., Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V., & Casado, A. (2021). Examination of the Sprinting and Jumping Force-Velocity Profiles in Young Soccer Players at Different Maturational Stages. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(9), 4646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094646

Gonzalo-Skok, O., & Bishop, C. (2025). Effects of Maturation on the Magnitude and Direction of Asym-metry in Jumping and Change of Direction Speed in Young Elite Football Players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 39(1), 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004933

Itoh, R., & Hirose, N. (2020). Relationship Among Biological Maturation, Physical Characteristics, and Motor Abilities in Youth Elite Soccer Players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 34(2), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003346

Lloyd, R. S., & Oliver, J. L. (2012). The youth physical development model: A new approach to long-term athletic development. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 34(3), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31825760ea

Malina, R. M. (2014). Top 10 research questions related to growth and maturation of relevance to physical activity, performance, and fitness. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 85(2), 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2014.897592

Malina, R. M., Coelho E Silva, M. J., Figueiredo, A. J., Carling, C., & Beunen, G. P. (2012). Interrelationships among invasive and non-invasive indicators of biological maturation in adolescent male soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 30(15), 1705–1717. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.639382

Marinho, J. L. C., Martins, A. O., Rey, E., & González-Víllora, S. (2020). Influence of biological maturation on speed, jump, and endurance in high-level youth soccer players. Revista Brasileira De Ciências Do Esporte, 42, e2052. https://doi.org/10.1590/rbce.42.2019.311

Matta M., Figueiredo A., Garcia E., Wernek F., Seabra A. (2015). Relative age effect on anthropometry, biological maturation and performance of young soccer players. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano. 2015;17(3):257–268. https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2015v17n3p257.

Matta M., Figueiredo A., Garcia E., Seabra A. Growth, sexual maturation and physical fitness and skills young soccer players: a review. Braz J Soccer Sci. 2014;6(1): 85–99 (PDF) Influence of biological maturation on speed, jump, and endurance in high-level youth soccer players. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346939549_Influence_of_biological_maturation_on_speed_jump_and_endurance_in_high-level_youth_soccer_players [accessed Feb 19 2025].

Meyers, R. W., Oliver, J. L., Hughes, M. G., Lloyd, R. S., & Cronin, J. B. (2017). Influence of Age, Maturity, and Body Size on the Spatiotemporal Determinants of Maximal Sprint Speed in Boys. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 31(4), 1009–1016. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001310

Mirwald, R. L., Baxter-Jones, A. D., Bailey, D. A., & Beunen, G. P. (2002). An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 34(4), 689–694. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200204000-00020

Moore, S. A., McKay, H. A., Macdonald, H., Nettlefold, L., Baxter-Jones, A. D., Cameron, N., & Brasher, P. M. (2015). Enhancing a Somatic Maturity Prediction Model. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 47(8), 1755–1764. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000588

Moran, J., Sandercock, G., Rumpf, M. C., & Parry, D. A. (2017). Variation in Responses to Sprint Training in Male Youth Athletes: A Meta-analysis. International journal of sports medicine, 38(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-111439

Murtagh, C. F., Brownlee, T. E., OʼBoyle, A., Morgans, R., Drust, B., & Erskine, R. M. (2018). Importance of Speed and Power in Elite Youth Soccer Depends on Maturation Status. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 32(2), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002367

O’Brien-Smith, J., Bennett, K. J. M., Fransen, J., & Smith, M. R. (2020). Same or different? A comparison of anthropometry, physical fitness and perceptual motor characteristics in male and female youth soccer players. Science and Medicine in Football, 4(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1650197

Philippaerts, R. M., Vaeyens, R., Janssens, M., Van Renterghem, B., Matthys, D., Craen, R., Bourgois, J., Vrijens, J., Beunen, G., & Malina, R. M. (2006). The relationship between peak height velocity and physical performance in youth soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 24(3), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500189371

Radnor, J. M., Oliver, J. L., Waugh, C. M., Myer, G. D., Moore, I. S., & Lloyd, R. S. (2018). The Influence of Growth and Maturation on Stretch-Shortening Cycle Function in Youth. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 48(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0785-0

Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Franco-Márquez, F., Pareja-Blanco, F., Mora-Custodio, R., Yáñez-García, J. M., González-Suárez, J. M., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2016). Effects of 6 Weeks Resistance Training Combined With Plyometric and Speed Exercises on Physical Performance of Pre-Peak-Height-Velocity Soccer Players. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 11(2), 240–246. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0176

Rogol, A. D., Roemmich, J. N., & Clark, P. A. (2002). Growth at puberty. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 31(6 Suppl), 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00485-8

Romero-Franco N., Jiménez-Reyes P., Castaño-Zambudio A., Capelo-Ramírez F., Rodríguez-Juan J.J., González-Hernández J., Toscano-Bendala F.J., Cuadrado-Peñafiel V., Balsalobre-Fernández C. Sprint performance and mechanical outputs computed with an iPhone app: Comparison with existing reference methods. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2017;17:386–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2016.1249031.

Slimani, M., & Nikolaidis, P. T. (2019). Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of male soccer players according to their competitive level, playing position and age group: a systematic review. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 59(1), 141–163. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07950-6

Söhnlein, Q., Müller, E., & Stöggl, T. L. (2014). The effect of 16-week plyometric training on explosive actions in early to mid-puberty elite soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 28(8), 2105–2114. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000387

Towlson, C., Salter, J., Ade, J. D., Enright, K., Harper, L. D., Page, R. M., & Malone, J. J. (2021). Maturity-associated considerations for training load, injury risk, and physical performance in youth soccer: One size does not fit all. Journal of sport and health science, 10(4), 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.003

Vescovi, J. D., & McGuigan, M. R. (2008). Relationships between sprinting, agility, and jump ability in female athletes. Journal of sports sciences, 26(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701348644

Descargas

Publicado

20-06-2025

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Zapata Bastías, J., Cortés Roco, G., Salinas González, C., Aguirre Ramírez , F., & Muñoz Ortiz, J. (2025). Rendimiento en sprint según el estado madurativo de futbolistas sub- 13 y sub-14 de un club profesional. Retos, 68, 1441-1450. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.116539