Estudio piloto de un A Pilot Study of a Brief Compassion and ACT Based Sports Program on the Portuguese national female handball team (u18)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.103845Keywords:
BCOMP.ACT, Autocompasión, Mindfulness, Rendimiento, Estrés, Atletas femeninas, LiderazgoAbstract
Introducción: Durante las últimas dos décadas, se han desarrollado programas basados en terapias contextuales-conductuales para su aplicación en el ámbito deportivo con el fin de promover la atención al momento presente y la aceptación de los estados internos de forma compasiva y sin prejuicios.
Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de un programa piloto contextual-conductual de compasión deportiva para jóvenes atletas (selección portuguesa sub-18 de balonmano). Para ello, se evaluaron la autocompasión y la atención plena en relación con la satisfacción deportiva, el estrés en la competición, el liderazgo del entrenador y las habilidades psicológicas deportivas antes y después de la intervención.
Metodología: El programa BCOMP.ACT es una nueva intervención integrativa semiestructurada basada en el enfoque contextual-conductual de compasión deportiva. La intervención principal, de cuatro sesiones, enseñó los fundamentos de la atención plena, la compasión y la flexibilidad psicológica. Las participantes completaron encuestas validadas antes y después de la intervención
Resultados: Después de la intervención, los participantes informaron una mejora en la capacidad de atención plena, t(18) = 5,20, p < .05, competencias psicológicas t(18) = -9,25, p < .05; satisfacción del entrenador t(18) = -3,45; p < .05; y disminución del estrés competitivo t(18) = 8,98; p < .05; miedo a las lesiones t(18) = 12,63; p < .05.
Discusión: En consonancia con la investigación existente, que ha mostrado la evidencia emergente y los resultados positivos que sugieren que las intervenciones basadas en terapias contextuales-conductuales (p. ej., mindfulness, compasión y flexibilidad psicológica) pueden apoyar y mejorar la salud mental y el rendimiento en atletas, así como disminuir el estrés tóxico y las lesiones.
Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos indican un beneficio potencial de los programas cortos basados en este tipo de enfoque, como BCOMP.ACT, para mejorar la atención plena, la autocompasión y la flexibilidad psicológica en las atletas adolescentes.
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