Effectiveness of soccer-based programs for community development: a systematic review and meta-analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.111492Keywords:
soccer-based programs, social engagement, community development, program evaluationAbstract
Introduction: Soccer-based programs have gained recognition as effective tools for community development, leveraging the universal appeal of sports to foster personal and social growth. These programs address social inequality, youth empowerment, and community cohesion challenges. Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effectiveness of soccer-based interventions in promoting personal responsibility, social engagement, and overall well-being. Methods: Six studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed following PRISMA guidelines. These studies, employing experimental or quasi-experimental designs, provided quantitative data for meta-analysis. Additionally, a qualitative synthesis was conducted to explore the broader impacts of these programs on personal development and social responsibility. Results: Findings indicate that soccer-based programs significantly enhance personal responsibility, social engagement, and psychological well-being, particularly among youth and marginalized populations. However, challenges like balancing individual autonomy with collective goals and variability in self-esteem and vitality improvements were noted. The meta-analysis demonstrated a small but statistically significant effect size (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI [0.15, 0.28]). High heterogeneity across studies (I² = 100%) suggests variability in program design, participant demographics, and contextual factors. Conclusion: Soccer-based programs hold transformative potential for personal and community development, though further refinement is needed. Future research should explore context-specific program designs, incorporate vocational training and Social and Emotional Learning (SEL), and conduct longitudinal studies to assess long-term impacts. Despite inherent challenges, structured soccer-based initiatives remain promising tools for advancing community development goals through sport.
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