Carrying backpacks causes postural problems in primary school students

Autores

  • Hasbiah Hasbiah Department of Physiotherapy, health Polytechnic of Makassar
  • Hendrik Hendrik Department of Physiotherapy, Health Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2314-6550
  • Melvi S. Tandi Department of Physiotherapy, Health Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia
  • Supartina Hakim Department of Physiotherapy, Health Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia
  • Andi Halimah Department of Physiotherapy, Health Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia
  • Arpandjam’an Arpandjam’an Department of Physiotherapy, Health Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.111737

Palavras-chave:

carga de saco; crianças; alunos do ensino fundamental; distúrbio de postura

Resumo

Objetivos: Em crianças entre 10 e 15 anos, distúrbios posturais foram diagnosticados. Se a doença não for tratada, ela piorará com a idade. Isso pode afetar a função cardiopulmonar, limitar a mobilidade e causar problemas estruturais. A detecção precoce de distúrbios posturais é crucial para evitar que quaisquer anormalidades e lesões piorem. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto das cargas de mochilas ou mochilas escolares em alunos com distúrbios posturais na Escola Primária Paccerakkang Inpres. Método: Esta pesquisa transversal usa métodos de pesquisa observacional. Eles usaram folhas de observação e dados coletados por medição direta. A amostra usada foi de 75 alunos do ensino fundamental da 1ª à 3ª séries que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão da fórmula do tamanho da amostra. As amostras foram coletadas usando amostragem aleatória simples. O estudo foi conduzido em 2023 entre abril e julho. Resultados: Foi descoberto por meio de análise descritiva que os arranjos de assentos dos alunos não eram ergonômicos. Enquanto alguns alunos carregavam bolsas que pesavam mais de 10% do peso corporal, outros carregavam bolsas que pesavam menos de 10%. Comparado com a postura normal, houve mais posturas desviantes. A prevalência de problemas de postura com a posição sentada de crianças do ensino fundamental durante o estudo não teve uma relação significativa, de acordo com a análise qui-quadrado (p > 0,358). A relação entre anormalidades posturais e carga da bolsa foi bastante grande (p < 0,020). Conclusão: A carga da bolsa impacta a prevalência de anormalidades posturais em alunos do ensino fundamental no Inpres Paccerakkang.

Referências

Ahmad, H. N., & Barbosa, T. M. (2019). The effects of backpack carriage on gait kinematics and kinetics of schoolchildren. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40076-w

Alami, A., Tehrani, H., Lael-Monfared, E., Moghaddam, F. S., Boghsani, G. T., & Jafari, A. (2020). Ergonomic factors of school bags and their adaptation to the weight of students. Work, 65(4), 809–820. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-203133

Bettany-Saltikov, J., McSherry, R., van Schaik, P., Kandasamy, G., Hogg, J., Whittaker, V., Racero, G. A., & Arnell, T. (2019). PROTOCOL: School-based education programs for improving knowledge of back health, ergonomics and postural behavior of school children aged 4–18: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 15(1–2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1014

Dillner, J. (2019). Early detection and prevention. Molecular Oncology, 13(3), 591–598. https://doi.org/10.1002/1878-0261.12459

Fuentes, A., Martínez, L., Aedo-muñoz, E., Brito, C., Miarka, B., & Arriagada-tarifeño, D. (2022). 89363-Texto del artículo-310460-2-10-20210812 (3). 2041(43), 651–659. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.89363

Genitrini, M., Dotti, F., Bianca, E., & Ferri, A. (2022). Impact of Backpacks on Ergonomics: Biomechanical and Physiological Effects: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116737

González-Gálvez, N., Carrasco-Poyatos, M., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., & Marcos-Pardo, P. J. (2021). Dolor de espalda en adolescentes: factores asociados desde un enfoque multifactorial. Retos, 43, 81–87. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.87389

Hammad, M. A., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Aziz, N. A., & Noor, D. A. M. (2019). Prescribing statins among patients with type 2 diabetes: The clinical gap between the guidelines and practice. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/jrms.JRMS

Haroon, H., Gilani, S. A., Hussain, S., Lecturer, S., Therapist, P., Therapist, P., Quarter, D. H., & Haroon, H. (2019). Association of School Bag Weight and Carriage Style With Shoulder Pain Among Middle School Students. 06(12), 17143–17148.

Irfan, M., Omer Iqbal, M., Chen, J., Khalid Khan, M., Sattar, M., & Ahmad Khan, I. (2023). Association between anthropometric measurements of chairs and biomechanical variables leading to musculoskeletal problems in students at different government universities of Multan. Am J Transl Res, 15(10), 6136–6147. www.ajtr.org

Ismaila, S. O. (2018). Safe backpack weight limit for secondary school students in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 57(2), 547–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.01.007

Jung, K. S., Jung, J. H., In, T. S., & Cho, H. Y. (2021). Effects of prolonged sitting with slumped posture on trunk muscular fatigue in adolescents with and without chronic lower back pain. Medicina (Lithuania), 57(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010003

Kibria, M. G., Parvez, M. S., Saha, P., & Talapatra, S. (2023). Evaluating the ergonomic deficiencies in computer workstations and investigating their correlation with reported musculoskeletal disorders and visual symptoms among computer users in Bangladeshi universities. Heliyon, 9(11), e22179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22179

Layuk, S., Martiana, T., & Bongakaraeng, B. (2020). School bag weight and the occurrence of back pain among elementary school children. Journal of Public Health Research, 9(2), 191–194. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2020.1841

Lemeshow, S., Jr, D. W. H., & Klar, J. (1991). Adequacy of Sample Size in Health Studies. Biometrics, 47(1), 347. https://doi.org/10.2307/2532527

López Hernández, T., Caparó Ferré, M., Giné Martí, S., & Salvat Salvat, I. (2020). Relationship between School Backpacks and Musculoskeletal Pain in Children 8 to 10 Years of Age: An Observational, Cross-Sectional and Analytical Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2487. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/7/2487

Mohebi, S., Parham, M., Sharifirad, G., & Gharlipour, Z. (2018a). Backpack improper use causes musculoskeletal injuries in adolescents: A systematic review Website: 10(January), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp

Mohebi, S., Parham, M., Sharifirad, G., & Gharlipour, Z. (2018b). Social Support and Self ‑ Care Behavior Study. January, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp

Molina-Garcia, P., Plaza-Florido, A., Mora-Gonzalez, J., Torres-Lopez, L. V., Vanrenterghem, J., & Ortega, F. B. (2020). Role of physical fitness and functional movement in the body posture of children with overweight/obesity. Gait and Posture, 80, 331–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.04.001

Mongkonkansai, J., Narkkul, U., Rungruangbaiyok, C., & Punsawad, C. (2024). Exploring musculoskeletal discomfort and school bag loads among Thai primary school students: a school-based cross-sectional survey. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81545-1

Mwaka, E. S., Munabi, I. G., Buwembo, W., Kukkiriza, J., & Ochieng, J. (2014). Musculoskeletal pain and school bag use: A cross-sectional study among Ugandan pupils. BMC Research Notes, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-7-222

Nawawi, R., Zain, I., Ismail, I., & Zain, N. (2024). Exploring Risk of Posture and Musculoskeletal Disorders among Smartphone Addicted Youth: a Protocol Paper. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 14(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/DOI:https://doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v14i1.50072

Oviedo, G. R., Alamo, J. M., Niño-mendez, O. A., Travier, N., Ventura, J. L., Soto-montañez, C. A., Vidal, J., Medina, J., & Javierre, C. (2021). Physiological responses in males with and without spinal cord injury to exercise stress tests with synchronous arm ergometers in a horizontal position and asynchronous arm ergometers in a sitting position. Retos, 39, 565–571. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.77835

Perrone, M., Orr, R., Hing, W., Milne, N., & Pope, R. (2018a). The impact of backpack loads on school children: A critical narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112529

Perrone, M., Orr, R., Hing, W., Milne, N., & Pope, R. (2018b). The impact of backpack loads on school children: A critical narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112529

Pooya Khoshabi, Erfan Nejati, Seyyede Fatemeh Ahmadi, Ali Chegini, Ahmad Makui, R. G. (2020). Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach to compare types of classroom furniture considering mismatches for anthropometric measures of university students. PLoS ONE, 15(9), 1–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239297

Rezapur-Shahkolai, F., Gheysvandi, E., Karimi-Shahanjarini, A., Tapak, L., Heidarimoghadam, R., & Dianat, I. (2021). Identification of factors related to behaviors associated with musculoskeletal pain among elementary students. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 22(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04413-3

Schmid, S., Burkhart, K. A., Allaire, B. T., Grindle, D., Bassani, T., Galbusera, F., & Anderson, D. E. (2020). Spinal Compressive Forces in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With and Without Carrying Loads: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Study. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 8(March), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00159

Sompan, R., Keeratisiroj, O., Aungudornpukdee, P., & Mahaboonpeeti, R. (2024). Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic risk assessment among production workers of pig slaughterhouse in the town municipality of Ang Thong, Thailand. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 14(1), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v14i1.57401

Suri, C., Shojaei, I., & Bazrgari, B. (2020). Effects of School Backpacks on Spine Biomechanics During Daily Activities: A Narrative Review of Literature. Human Factors, 62(6), 909–918. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819858792

Sutanto, G. Y., Usman, H., & Haryono, I. R. (2023). The Association between Knowledge and Attitude of Ergonomic Sitting Position to Sitting Posture and Duration among Medical Students. Journal of Urban Health Research, 1(2), 70–78. https://doi.org/10.25170/juhr.v1i2.4088

Tahernejad, S., Choobineh, A., Razeghi, M., Abdoli-Eramaki, M., Parsaei, H., Daneshmandi, H., & Seif, M. (2022). Investigation of office workers’ sitting behaviors in an ergonomically adjusted workstation. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 28(4), 2346–2354. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1990581

Yang, L., Lu, X., Yan, B., & Huang, Y. (2020). Prevalence of Incorrect Posture among Children and Adolescents: Finding from a Large Population-Based Study in China. IScience, 23(5), 101043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101043

Yao, Y., Xie, Y., Huang, Z., Tang, E., Li, M., Zhu, M., & Pan, X. (2023). A healthy children's backpack product for children's spine development. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 365, 307–316. https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA220724

Downloads

Publicado

17-04-2025

Edição

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

Hasbiah, H., Hendrik, H., Tandi, M. S., Hakim, S., Halimah, A., & Arpandjam’an, A. (2025). Carrying backpacks causes postural problems in primary school students. Retos, 67, 1067-1074. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.111737