Estrategias nutricionales para la mejora del sueño en sujetos entrenados y deportistas. Una revisión narrativa estructurada

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.114539

Palabras clave:

Calidad del sueño, Deporte, Ejercicio, Nutrición

Resumen

Introducción: El sueño es un pilar fundamental para el rendimiento y la recuperación de los deportistas. Sin embargo, diversos factores, como el entrenamiento intenso, ritmo de vida y la sobreexposición a la tecnología, podrían afectar de forma negativa su calidad y cantidad.

Objetivo: Esta revisión tuvo como finalidad identificar diversas estrategias nutricionales que pueden influir positivamente en el sueño de los atletas, específicamente en tres dimensiones clave: latencia del sueño, calidad del sueño y tiempo total de sueño.

Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa estructurada, tomando como referencia los principios de la declaración PRISMA, y adaptando sus componentes de identificación, cribado, elegibilidad e inclusión de estudios. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos y estudios experimentales publicados entre 2010 y julio de 2025, en inglés o español, que evaluaran parámetros de sueño en adultos entrenados o deportistas. Las búsquedas se efectuaron en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library y Google Scholar.

Resultados: Se identificaron nutrientes y compuestos con efectos positivos en la higiene del sueño, como la melatonina, el triptófano, carbohidratos de alto índice glucémico, ashwagandha y cannabidiol.

Conclusiones: Las estrategias nutricionales revisadas muestran efectos prometedores sobre el sueño en deportistas, pero se requieren más estudios controlados y específicos para establecer recomendaciones prácticas basadas en evidencia.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Jose Jairo Narrea Vargas, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (Perú)

    Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (Perú)

  • Omar Sadim Inca Barriga, Universidad Privada del Norte (Perú)

    Universidad Privada del Norte (Perú)

  • Jose Narrea-Vargas, Universidad Científica del Sur (Perú)

    Universidad Científica del Sur (Perú)

  • Antonio Castillo-Paredes, Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 8370035, Chile.

    Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 8370035, Chile.

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Publicado

02-02-2026

Número

Sección

Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

Cómo citar

Narrea Vargas, J. J., Inca Barriga, O. S., Narrea-Vargas, J., & Castillo-Paredes, A. (2026). Estrategias nutricionales para la mejora del sueño en sujetos entrenados y deportistas. Una revisión narrativa estructurada. Retos, 75, 739-751. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.114539