Deficiencia de hierro, rendimiento funcional y estado nutricional en deportistas masculinos adolescentes sanos

Autores/as

  • María A. Egas-Miraglia Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud (ISAIN)
  • Mariela González-Narváez 3Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil
  • Marlon Villacis Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud (ISAIN)
  • Domenica Ripalda Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud (ISAIN)
  • Gustavo Montijano Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud (ISAIN)
  • Cecilia Arteaga Pazmiño Universidad de Guayaquil
  • Evelyn Frias-Toral Universidad Espíritu Santo. Escuela de Medicina
  • Elena López Ruiz Universidad de Granada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.116553

Palabras clave:

Adolescentes, Anemia ferropénica, deportistas, estado nutricional, rendimiento físico

Resumen

Introducción: La deficiencia de hierro es un problema nutricional común con posibles repercusiones en el rendimiento físico, especialmente en atletas jóvenes.

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la deficiencia de hierro, el rendimiento físico y el estado nutricional en atletas adolescentes de sexo masculino.

Metodología: Estudio transversal en 126 jugadores de fútbol masculinos sanos de dos clubes profesionales locales, divididos en grupos: M1 ≤ 12 (n = 61) y M2 > 12 (n = 65). Los atletas participaron en sesiones de entrenamiento seis días a la semana. Los análisis bioquímicos incluyeron hemoglobina, hierro sérico y ferritina. El rendimiento físico se evaluó mediante el VO2máx (prueba Course Navette), el estado nutricional mediante el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la ingesta dietética de fuentes de hierro hem y no hem.

Resultados: Un atleta (0,79%) fue diagnosticado con anemia por deficiencia de hierro (ADH); el 23,02% (n = 29) presentó niveles de ferritina < 30 ng/mL y el 11,11% (n = 14) mostró signos de deficiencia de hierro (DH). Los valores de VO2máx indicaron un rendimiento adecuado para la edad: M1 = 69,17 ml/kg/min y M2 = 76,90 ml/kg/min. Se registró una alta ingesta de alimentos ricos en hierro Hem, con un 96,90% de consumo de carne y un 96,03% de consumo de aves. Se observó una correlación positiva entre el VO₂máx y la Hb (r = 0,430; p = 0,01) en el grupo M2.

Discusión: A pesar de la baja prevalencia de anemia ferropénica, una proporción considerable de deportistas mostraron niveles reducidos de ferritina, indicador de un riesgo subclínico de deficiencia de hierro.

Conclusiones: Esta población presentó deficiencias de almacenamiento de hierro a pesar de niveles de rendimiento adecuados y un peso promedio para la edad.

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02-02-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Egas-Miraglia, M. A., González-Narváez, M., Villacis, M., Ripalda, D., Montijano, G., Arteaga Pazmiño, C., Frias-Toral, E., & López Ruiz, E. (2026). Deficiencia de hierro, rendimiento funcional y estado nutricional en deportistas masculinos adolescentes sanos. Retos, 77, 399-411. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.116553