Efectos del entrenamiento excéntrico vs entrenamiento neuromuscular sobre la prevención de lesiones en jugadores de fútbol: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.116574Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento neuromuscular, entrenamiento excéntrico, jugadores de fútbol, prevención de lesionesResumen
Introducción. El alto nivel de competencia del fútbol y su creciente número de partidos por temporada hace que la prevalencia de lesiones en la disciplina sea alta. Por lo tanto, esta revisión sistemática buscó determinar los efectos del entrenamiento neuromuscular y el entrenamiento excéntrico sobre las lesiones musculares en jugadores de fútbol.
Métodos. Para ello, se realizaron búsquedas en tres bases de datos entre los meses de febrero y abril del 2024, seleccionando únicamente ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados que incluyeran intervenciones basadas en ejercicios nórdicos o ejercicios excéntricos de isquiotibiales, ejercicios pliométricos o ejercicios neuromusculares de salto.
Resultados. Se incluyeron 21 estudios para el análisis, donde participaron hombres y mujeres con diversas edades y niveles de competencia, obteniendo hallazgos que indican que los ejercicios excéntricos y neuromusculares son efectivos para reducir la probabilidad de lesiones en futbolistas, independientemente de su nivel de juego, sexo y edad. Sin embargo, se observan resultados destacados en futbolistas masculinos y principalmente jugadores altamente entrenados.
Conclusión. Finalmente, también se concluye que los ejercicios excéntricos favorecen la reducción de la incidencia de lesiones en isquiotibiales, y el entrenamiento neuromuscular favorece la reducción de lesiones específicamente en rodilla, esguinces de rodilla y tobillo.
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