El impacto de los ejercicios terapéuticos y la terapia con ultrasonido en la rehabilitación de los músculos isquiotibiales parcialmente lesionados en futbolistas de élite: un ensayo controlado aleatorio

Autores/as

  • Kamal Hadib Abdulridha Al-Mustansiriya University / University of Zaragoza
  • Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldivar Universidad de Alcalá de Henares
  • Alejandra Aguilar Latorre Universidad de Zaragoza
  • Isabel Gómez-Soria Universidad de Zaragoza
  • Estela Calatayud Universidad de Zaragoza

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117285

Palabras clave:

Ejercicios terapéuticos, lesiones musculares isquiotibiales, rehabilitación, terapia con ultrasonido

Resumen

Introducción: Las lesiones de los isquiotibiales son de las más frecuentes en el deporte, especialmente en actividades de alta velocidad como el fútbol, y se asocian con una elevada tasa de recurrencia, prolongados periodos de recuperación y pérdida significativa de tiempo competitivo. Los métodos tradicionales de rehabilitación, como los ejercicios excéntricos, han demostrado eficacia, pero las modalidades emergentes como la terapia con ultrasonido (TUS) pueden acelerar la recuperación y reducir el riesgo de recaídas.

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos combinados de la terapia con ultrasonido y los ejercicios terapéuticos en la rehabilitación de músculos isquiotibiales parcialmente lesionados en futbolistas de élite, analizando el tiempo de recuperación, la fuerza muscular y la reducción del dolor.

Metodología: Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado con 150 futbolistas profesionales de 18 a 35 años pertenecientes a ocho clubes. Los participantes con diagnóstico por resonancia magnética de lesión parcial del isquiotibial fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de intervención (TUS + ejercicios terapéuticos) o a un grupo control (solo ejercicios terapéuticos). Se evaluaron el tiempo de recuperación, el dolor, la fuerza muscular y el tamaño de la lesión en la RM durante cuatro semanas.

Resultados: El grupo de intervención mostró una recuperación significativamente más rápida (18,3 ± 3,6 días vs. 21,7 ± 4,1 días; p < 0,001), mayor reducción del dolor, aumento de fuerza muscular y menor tamaño residual de la lesión. La satisfacción de los participantes fue también superior (50,7% vs. 18,7%; p = 0,02).

Conclusión: La combinación de ejercicios terapéuticos y terapia con ultrasonido acelera la recuperación, alivia el dolor y mejora la reparación muscular en futbolistas de élite, representando un enfoque eficaz para optimizar los protocolos de rehabilitación y reducir el riesgo de recaídas.

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10-12-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Hadib Abdulridha, K., Cuenca-Zaldivar, J. N., Aguilar Latorre, A., Gómez-Soria, I., & Calatayud, E. (2025). El impacto de los ejercicios terapéuticos y la terapia con ultrasonido en la rehabilitación de los músculos isquiotibiales parcialmente lesionados en futbolistas de élite: un ensayo controlado aleatorio. Retos, 74, 615-628. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117285