Rotación 1 en el voleibol femenino de alto nivel: ¿caos o una nueva solución táctica a un problema antiguo?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.117328Palabras clave:
Complejo de juego i, análisis del juego, posición 1, side-out, análisis de redes socialResumen
Introducción: El voleibol se caracteriza por su imprevisibilidad y la necesidad de una toma de decisiones rápida, especialmente en escenarios críticos como la Rotación 1 (R1) en el Complejo de Juego I. La organización ofensiva en esta rotación afecta directamente la efectividad del side-out en equipos de alto nivel.
Objetivo: El objetivo fue identificar y analizar las diferentes organizaciones ofensivas del side-out en R1 en los cuatro equipos mejor posicionados en la Volleyball Nations League 2023 (Turquía, China, Polonia y EE. UU.), empleando análisis de redes sociales con centralidad de autovector.
Metodología: Se analizaron un total de 27 partidos, 397 side-outs en R1 y 3.968 acciones en tres estructuras ofensivas de R1: O1 (ataque del opuesto desde la zona 4), O2 (ataque del opuesto desde la zona 2 cerca de la red) y O3 (ataque del opuesto desde la zona 2 cerca de la línea de saque).
Resultados: China adoptó exclusivamente O2; Turquía y EE. UU. alternaron entre O1 y O2 o O3; Polonia utilizó solo O1. China y Turquía mostraron valores más altos en efecto de punto de ataque, mientras que Polonia presentó mayor centralidad en continuidad, error y efecto de bloqueo.
Discusión: A pesar de condiciones favorables de recepción, predominaron los tempos de ataque 2 y 3. Las zonas 4 y 2 fueron las más utilizadas, con ataques potentes diagonales y paralelos como los más frecuentes en los equipos.
Conclusiones: Aunque los equipos utilizan diferentes organizaciones ofensivas, las características individuales de los equipos y jugadores deben considerarse en la planificación de modelos de juego y cambios de side-out en R1. Los entrenadores pueden replicar estos escenarios en el entrenamiento para mejorar la dinámica ofensiva y la imprevisibilidad táctica, con el fin de modificar patrones establecidos caracterizados por escenarios críticos existentes.
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