Efecto de la actividad física en las habilidades motoras y en el desarrollo emocional y cognitivo de los estudiantes de educación preescolar: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117447Palabras clave:
Físico, educación preescolar, habilidades motoras, emocional, cognitivoResumen
Introducción: Este estudio ofrece una síntesis exhaustiva de la literatura que explora críticamente el efecto de los programas de actividad física en el desarrollo de las habilidades motoras, el bienestar emocional y las capacidades cognitivas en la educación preescolar.
Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura utilizando bases de datos académicas reconocidas y multidisciplinarias, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols). Se aplicaron rigurosos criterios de elegibilidad para garantizar que los estudios seleccionados fueran pertinentes y de alta calidad. La revisión se centró en los resultados relacionados con la actividad física en los ámbitos motor, emocional y cognitivo.
Resultados: De un total inicial de 978 artículos, 14 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Cinco estudios exploraron los efectos de la actividad física sobre las habilidades motoras, cuatro sobre el desarrollo emocional y dos sobre el desarrollo cognitivo. Un estudio examinó tanto las habilidades motoras como los resultados cognitivos, mientras que dos abordaron los aspectos emocionales y cognitivos.
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos respaldan la influencia positiva de diversos programas de actividad física en el desarrollo motor, emocional y cognitivo de los niños en edad preescolar. Estos resultados refuerzan la importancia de incorporar la actividad física como un elemento central dentro de una educación integral en la primera infancia, en lugar de considerarla un componente complementario.
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