Intervenciones centradas en el contexto frente a terapias motoras tradicionales en el desempeño ocupacional de niños con parálisis cerebral: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.117605

Palabras clave:

Participación, discapacidad, infancia , rehabilitación, clasificación internacional del funcionamiento , la discapacidad y la salud (CIF)

Resumen

Introducción: La parálisis cerebral (PC) es una condición neurológica que limita la funcionalidad infantil, especialmente en los dominios de la actividad y participación. Las intervenciones centradas en el contexto surgen como una alternativa terapéutica, priorizando la modificación del entorno para favorecer la funcionalidad.

Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad de las intervenciones centradas en el contexto frente a las motoras tradicionales en desenlaces de actividades y participación de la CIF en infantes con PC.

Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos controlados publicados entre 2014 y 2024. La búsqueda se efectuó en cinco bases de datos (OVID, EBSCO, PubMed, WOS y Scopus). Se incluyeron estudios que evaluaran desempeño ocupacional, movilidad, autocuidado y calidad de vida. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó con la herramienta RoB 2 y el análisis siguió los lineamientos PRISMA.

Resultados: se incluyeron nueve estudios con 369 infantes. El metaanálisis evidenció un efecto positivo significativo de las intervenciones centradas en el contexto sobre percepción y satisfacción del desempeño ocupacional (SMD 1.07 y 0.89, respectivamente), con heterogeneidad moderada. Los efectos sobre movilidad, autocuidado y calidad de vida fueron bajos o no significativos, con certeza de la evidencia clasificada como baja o muy baja según GRADE.

Conclusión: Las intervenciones centradas en el contexto muestran beneficios relevantes en el desempeño ocupacional en la PC, aunque los efectos en otras áreas funcionales son inciertos. La baja certeza de la evidencia resalta la necesidad de ensayos con mayor rigor metodológico para confirmar estos resultados y orientar la práctica clínica.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Lina Giccela Suarez Muñoz, Fundación Universitaria Maria Cano

    Lina Giccela Suarez Muñoz, Magister en Neurorehabilitación, Profesora de Fisioterapia, Fundación Universitaria María Cano, Medellín, Colombia.

  • Elizabeth Roldán González, Fundación Universitaria María Cano

    Elizabeth Roldán González, Magister en Neurorehabilitación, Profesora de Fisioterapia, Fundación Universitaria María Cano, Popayán, Colombia. 

  • Claudia Fernanda Giraldo Jiménez, Universidad Santiago de Cali

    Claudia Fernanda Giraldo Jiménez, Phd Ciencias aplicadas. Profesor de Fisioterapia, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia. 

  • Eunice Yarce Pinzón, Universidad Mariana

    Eunice Yarce Pinzón, Profesora de terapia ocupacional, Magister en Pedagogía, Universidad Mariana, San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.

  • Nidia Johana Arias Becerra, Universidad CES

    Nidia Johana Arias Becerra, PhD ciencias biomédicas, Profesora de Fisioterapia, Universidad CES, Medellín Colombia. 

  • Karina González Zúñiga, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro

    Karina González Zúñiga. Magíster Educación Especial. Profesora de Fisioterapia Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, México

  • Silvia Patricia Betancur Bedoya, Fundación Universitaria María Cano

    Silvia Patricia Betancur Bedoya. Magister en actividad física y salud. Profesora de Fisioterapia, Fundación Universitaria María Cano, Medellín, Colombia.

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Publicado

22-12-2025

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Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

Cómo citar

Suarez Muñoz, L. G., Roldán González, E., Giraldo Jiménez, C. F., Yarce Pinzón, E., Arias Becerra, N. J., González Zúñiga, K., & Betancur Bedoya, S. P. (2025). Intervenciones centradas en el contexto frente a terapias motoras tradicionales en el desempeño ocupacional de niños con parálisis cerebral: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis. Retos, 76, 52-67. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.117605