Identificación de roles individuales de juego en jugadores y jugadoras de baloncesto profesionales y semiprofesionales. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.117617Palabras clave:
Deportes colectivos, análisis táctico, clasificación jugadores, rendimiento individualResumen
Introducción. El baloncesto es un deporte popular a nivel mundial que requiere optimizar el rendimiento físico, fisiológico, psicológico y táctico de los jugadores. Las clasificaciones tradicionales basadas en posiciones (escoltas, aleros, pívots) suelen ser insuficientes para reflejar el comportamiento táctico de los jugadores. Estudios recientes se centran en la identificación de roles individuales para una comprensión más detallada del rendimiento.
Objetivos. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo sintetizar la literatura sobre roles individuales de juego y analizar las metodologías empleadas para identificarlos en jugadores y jugadoras profesionales y semiprofesionales.
Metodología. Siguiendo las guías PRISMA, se realizó una búsqueda estructurada en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science utilizando los criterios PICOS, finalizada el 19 de mayo de 2025. La evaluación del riesgo de sesgo se efectuó con la lista de verificación de la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality y la JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series. La revisión fue registrada en PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023485223).
Resultados. Doce estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión: nueve series de casos y tres estudios transversales. Diez analizaron estadísticas relacionadas con el juego, tres evaluaron medidas antropométricas y dos realizaron pruebas físicas para el rendimiento de las extremidades inferiores. Se consideraron factores adicionales como edad, nacionalidad y datos de GPS. Surgieron siete roles individuales de juego recurrentes: protector de la pintura, tirador, jugador de rol, organizador, jugador defensivo, jugador versátil y jugador explosivo.
Conclusiones. Las diferencias en los roles individuales de juego parecen deberse a la heterogeneidad metodológica entre estudios. Por ello, esta revisión enfatiza la necesidad de un enfoque metodológico unificado y de alta calidad para identificar y describir los roles individuales de juego en baloncesto utilizando estadísticas de juego. Un marco estandarizado podría mejorar la comprensión de las demandas específicas de los atletas y favorecer el desarrollo de programas de entrenamiento más individualizados y orientados al rendimiento.
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- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
