Diferencias en el rendimiento físico en el fútbol femenino de élite sub-15: un estudio comparativo entre atletas españolas y cubanas

Autores/as

  • Yarisel Quiñones-Rodríguez Universidad de Granada
  • José Antonio Sánchez Fuentes Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, San Javier, University of Murcia, Spain
  • Rui Miguel Silva Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal./ Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
  • Grzegorz Trybek Department of Sports Medicine and Health, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland
  • Carlos López-Gutiérrez Department of Musical, Plastic, and Physical Expression Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
  • Alexis Juan Stuart-Rivero University of Cienfuegos “Carlos Rafael Rodríguez”, Cienfuegos, Cuba
  • Ana Filipa Silva Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal. / Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.117733

Palabras clave:

fútbol, cambio de dirección, aptitud física, ejercicio, futbolistas femeninas

Resumen

Introducción: El desarrollo del rendimiento físico en las futbolistas jóvenes es crucial para su éxito en los deportes de competición.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la velocidad de sprint, la altura del salto vertical y el rendimiento en el test 505 COD entre futbolistas femeninas de élite sub-15 de España y Cuba, investigando así las disparidades de rendimiento físico que existen entre estos dos grupos. Se reclutó a un total de 30 futbolistas femeninas de élite sub-15, 15 de Cuba y 15 de España.

Metodología: Las participantes se sometieron a una serie de evaluaciones de rendimiento físico, entre las que se incluían la altura del salto con contramovimiento (CMJ), un sprint de 30 metros y la prueba 505 COD.

Resultados: Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento, ya que los atletas españoles superaron a sus homólogos cubanos en todas las evaluaciones, con valores p de 0,001. Los análisis de correlación indicaron relaciones significativas entre los parámetros de rendimiento. Los jugadores cubanos mostraron fuertes correlaciones negativas entre el CMJ y tanto el sprint de 30 metros (r = -0,66) como la prueba 505 COD (r = -0,59). También se encontró una correlación negativa moderada entre el sprint de 30 metros y la prueba 505 COD (r = -0,52). Las jugadoras españolas mostraron una fuerte correlación negativa entre el CMJ y la prueba 505 COD (r = -0,51).

Conclusiones: Estos resultados indican que las mejoras en la fuerza explosiva, medida por el CMJ, están relacionadas con la mejora de la velocidad y la agilidad. Esto subraya la necesidad de programas de entrenamiento específicos para cada edad que se centren en el desarrollo de la potencia y la velocidad, adaptados a las necesidades únicas de las jóvenes atletas.

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Publicado

19-02-2026

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Quiñones-Rodríguez, Y., Sánchez Fuentes, J. A., Silva, R. M., Trybek, G., López-Gutiérrez, C., Stuart-Rivero, A. J., & Silva, A. F. (2026). Diferencias en el rendimiento físico en el fútbol femenino de élite sub-15: un estudio comparativo entre atletas españolas y cubanas. Retos, 78, 220-231. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.117733