Protocolo de simulación de fútbol validado para jóvenes: evidencia en jugadores U13–U15
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.117768Palabras clave:
Pruebas de ejercicio, fútbol, rendimiento en el partido , jóvenesResumen
Introducción: Un protocolo de simulación de fútbol es un protocolo de ejercicio estandarizado diseñado para replicar las demandas físicas y fisiológicas de un partido real de fútbol en condiciones controladas.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la fiabilidad y validez de un protocolo de simulación de fútbol diseñado para jugadores U13, U14 y U15.
Metodología: Veinte (n=20) jugadores de campo (U13: n = 7, 1.57 ± 0.06 m, 47.8 ± 6.8 kg; U14: n = 7, 1.70 ± 0.06 m, 60.4 ± 8.4 kg; U15: n = 6, 1.75 ± 0.07 m, 58.1 ± 2.6 kg) de la Federación de Fútbol de Auckland se ofrecieron voluntariamente a participar en el estudio. Los participantes completaron los protocolos en dos ocasiones para determinar la fiabilidad test–retest. Cada protocolo requería que los jugadores cubrieran una distancia total de carrera equivalente a la del juego real, a diferentes intensidades y en un patrón cíclico, dividido en cuatro bloques de ejercicio separados por períodos de recuperación de cinco minutos.
Resultados: No se observaron diferencias significativas entre pruebas en la frecuencia cardíaca, salto con contramovimiento, velocidad de sprint y escalas perceptivas (P>0.05). El análisis test–retest demostró una fiabilidad moderada a alta, con correlación intraclase (r= 0.50 a 0.80) y bajo error estándar de medición. La evaluación de validez concurrente mostró correlaciones positivas significativas (r= 0.77 a 0.82) entre el juego real y los protocolos en todos los grupos de edad.
Discusión: El estudio validó un protocolo de simulación específico de fútbol para jugadores de 13 a 15 años, facilitando una investigación más completa y reduciendo la brecha de rendimiento entre jugadores juveniles y adultos.
Conclusiones: El protocolo es una herramienta válida y práctica para la evaluación de jugadores jóvenes.
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