La influencia del entrenamiento con chaleco lastrado en el rendimiento aeróbico de los futbolistas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.117850Palabras clave:
Capacidad aeróbica, chaleco lastrado, VO₂max, velocidad aeróbica máxima, fútbolResumen
Introducción: En el fútbol moderno, la capacidad aeróbica es fundamental para sostener la actividad intermitente de alta intensidad y mantener la estabilidad del rendimiento durante todo el partido. Las estrategias de entrenamiento que integran cargas externas, como los chalecos lastrados, mejoran las adaptaciones fisiológicas sin alterar los patrones básicos de movimiento de los jugadores.
Objetivo: Este estudio analizó los efectos del entrenamiento con chaleco lastrado sobre la capacidad aeróbica de los jugadores de fútbol.
Metodología: El estudio empleó un diseño cuasiexperimental con pretest–postest y grupo control, que involucró a 20 jugadores de fútbol masculinos (edad media: 20.1 ± 0.73 años). Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo experimental (n = 10, chaleco lastrado: 11.62 ± 0.51% del peso corporal) y a un grupo control (n = 10, chaleco lastrado: 0.00 ± 0.00 kg). Ambos grupos completaron 12 sesiones estructuradas de entrenamiento aeróbico, que incluyeron carreras intermitentes de alta intensidad y ejercicios técnicos. La capacidad aeróbica se evaluó mediante el Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Nivel 1, y los datos fueron analizados utilizando las pruebas de Shapiro–Wilk, Levene, la prueba t para muestras independientes y el d de Cohen para el tamaño del efecto.
Resultados: Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre el grupo experimental y el grupo control para el VO₂max (Δ4.37 vs. Δ2.65 ml/kg/min; p = 0.024, d = 0.88) y la MAS (Δ0.40 vs. Δ0.25 m/s; p = 0.022, d = 0.82).
Discusión: Estos hallazgos indican que el entrenamiento con chaleco lastrado proporciona beneficios fisiológicos sustanciales y acelera la adaptación aeróbica en los jugadores de fútbol.
Conclusiones: El uso del chaleco lastrado puede recomendarse como una estrategia de entrenamiento eficiente y práctica para optimizar el rendimiento aeróbico y apoyar la resistencia en el fútbol moderno.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Ahmad Khisni Daro Ini, Afif Dwi Nugraha, I Dewa Made Aryananda Wijaya Kusuma, David Agus Prianto
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