El papel de la orientación escolar en la equidad de la participación estudiantil: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.117864Palabras clave:
Equidad educativa, educación física, educación inclusiva, orientación escolar, participaciónResumen
Introducción: muchos estudiantes de educación secundaria se desconectaron de la educación física por razones que van más allá de la condición física, incluyendo miedo al juicio, preocupaciones sobre la imagen corporal y una baja preparación psicológica. este tema examinó el papel de la orientación escolar como vía para apoyar una participación más justa y significativa.
Objetivo: el objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar el papel de la orientación escolar en el avance de la igualdad en la participación del alumnado en educación física mediante la reducción de barreras psicosociales y el apoyo a entornos educativos inclusivos.
Metodología: este estudio empleó una revisión exploratoria de la literatura publicada entre 2015 y 2025 en revistas académicas, informes institucionales y fuentes regionales pertinentes. la evidencia se organizó en cuatro categorías analíticas: barreras psicológicas, inclusión social, prácticas colaborativas y resultados de participación.
Resultados: los hallazgos mostraron que el apoyo de la orientación escolar redujo la ansiedad, aumentó la confianza y mejoró la participación entre estudiantes previamente reacios. sesiones grupales estructuradas, planificación conjunta, evaluación flexible y estrategias de tutoría contribuyeron a aumentos constantes en la asistencia y el compromiso de diversos grupos estudiantiles.
Discusión: la revisión identificó que la participación equitativa se fortaleció cuando la orientación se integró en la práctica diaria de educación física y se alineó con un compromiso institucional hacia la inclusión.
Conclusiones: integrar la orientación escolar en la educación física puede ayudar a reducir las brechas de participación y crear condiciones donde todo el alumnado se sienta preparado, acompañado y motivado para participar.
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