Interacción entre el tipo de ejercicio, el nivel de actividad física y la condición cardiovascular en adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.117923Palabras clave:
Ejercicio de baile Lulo, condición cardiovascular, actividad física, adolescentes, experimento factorialResumen
Introducción: El desarrollo de intervenciones de ejercicio eficaces para adolescentes requiere comprender cómo distintas modalidades de ejercicio interactúan con características individuales, como los niveles basales de actividad física.
Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como propósito analizar el efecto de interacción entre los tipos de ejercicio (danza lulo y Anak Indonesia Hebat Dance) y el nivel de actividad física (alto vs. bajo) sobre la mejora de la condición cardiovascular en adolescentes de educación secundaria.
Metodología: Se empleó un diseño experimental factorial 2x2 con una duración de ocho semanas, utilizando muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados para asignar a 80 estudiantes de secundaria (13–15 años) a cuatro grupos de intervención: 1) ejercicio lulo con alta actividad física (A1B1), 2) ejercicio lulo con baja actividad física (A1B2), 3) calistenia estandarizada con alta actividad física (A2B1) y 4) calistenia estandarizada con baja actividad física (A2B2). La condición cardiovascular, medida a través del consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO₂max), se evaluó mediante la prueba de Balke antes y después de la intervención. Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA factorial de dos vías y la prueba post-hoc de Tukey.
Resultados: El análisis mostró una interacción estadísticamente significativa entre el tipo de ejercicio y el nivel de actividad física sobre la condición cardiovascular (F = 12.45, p < 0.01). La mayor mejora media en VO₂max se observó en el grupo A1B1 (Δ = 4.8 ml/kg/min), seguido de A2B1 (Δ = 3.6 ml/kg/min), A1B2 (Δ = 2.9 ml/kg/min) y A2B2 (Δ = 1.8 ml/kg/min).
Discusión: El ejercicio de danza lulo resulta más eficaz que la calistenia estandarizada para mejorar la condición cardiovascular, y este beneficio es más pronunciado entre los adolescentes con un nivel basal alto de actividad física.
Conclusión: Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de considerar tanto la modalidad de ejercicio como los niveles individuales de actividad física al diseñar programas de entrenamiento optimizados para población juvenil.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Iyan Nurdiyan Haris, Rosti Rosti, Ernawati Ernawati, Muh. Ali Akbar; Syarif Hidayat Nasir; Noviria Sukmawati
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