Viabilidad de un programa combinado de ejercicios de campo y tele-rehabilitación para el dolor musculoesquelético en trabajadoras agrícolas iraquíes rurales

Autores/as

  • Munib Abdullah Fathe University of Mosul, College of Education for Women, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1232-020X
  • Amal Machfer Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Tunisia https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5386-5757
  • Stevan Karash College of Physical Education & Sport Science, University of AL-Hamdaniya, Mosul, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-1125
  • Mohamed Amine Bouzid Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Tunisia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8485-6727
  • Wassim Moalla Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Tunisia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6358-2544
  • Hamdi Chtourou Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Tunisia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.117997

Palabras clave:

Dolor musculoesquelético, Irak, salud de la mujer rural, tele-ejercio

Resumen

Introducción: El dolor musculoesquelético crónico impacta significativamente la calidad de vida y la productividad física de las mujeres dedicadas a labores agrícolas en entornos rurales. Este estudio examinó la eficacia de un enfoque de rehabilitación híbrido diseñado específicamente para este grupo demográfico en entornos de escasos recursos.

Objetivo: La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar un programa de rehabilitación híbrido que combinó actividades de campo y tele-ejercicios para controlar el dolor y mejorar la fuerza muscular funcional en mujeres rurales iraquíes.

Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte cuasi-experimental de pre-test y post-test con sesenta y seis mujeres en el distrito de Hamdaniya que tenían amplios antecedentes de trabajo agrícola. La intervención de doce semanas integró ejercicios en el hogar enviados mediante aplicaciones de video móvil con sesiones de campo bisemanales que incluyeron juegos culturalmente familiares, mientras que las evaluaciones físicas utilizaron un dinamómetro manual y la Escala de Calificación Numérica-11.

Resultados: Los datos indicaron que la mayoría de las participantes sufrían dolor severo en la zona lumbar y en las extremidades al inicio. Tras la intervención, se registraron mejoras significativas en la fuerza muscular en todas las regiones evaluadas y los niveles de dolor pasaron de severos a moderados o leves, con varios casos alcanzando la resolución completa.

Discusión: Estos hallazgos coincidieron con la literatura previa que sugiere que los programas de ejercicio supervisados mitigan eficazmente el dolor ocupacional crónico. Los resultados contrastaron favorablemente con los modelos clínicos tradicionales al demostrar que la actividad física adaptada culturalmente aumentó la adherencia de las participantes y la participación social en las comunidades rurales.

Conclusiones: El programa de rehabilitación híbrido redujo con éxito el dolor crónico y mejoró la capacidad funcional de las mujeres rurales iraquíes. Este modelo representa una estrategia terapéutica factible y de bajo costo para mejorar la salud musculoesquelética en entornos con recursos limitados.

Biografía del autor/a

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Publicado

02-03-2026

Número

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Fathe, M. A., Machfer, A., Karash, S., Bouzid, M. A., Moalla, W., & Chtourou, H. (2026). Viabilidad de un programa combinado de ejercicios de campo y tele-rehabilitación para el dolor musculoesquelético en trabajadoras agrícolas iraquíes rurales. Retos, 76, 554-562. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.117997