Patrones electrocardiográficos específicos por deporte en atletas universitarios marroquíes: estudio transversal basado en criterios de Seattle

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118025

Palabras clave:

corazón de atleta, electrocardiografía, tipo de deporte, cardiología deportiva, criterios de Seattle

Resumen

Introducción: El aumento de los casos de muerte súbita entre los atletas aficionados marroquíes destaca la importancia de realizar exámenes médicos exhaustivos que incluyan electrocardiogramas.

Objetivo: Este estudio transversal tuvo como objetivo identificar la frecuencia de los hallazgos en el ECG de atletas aficionados marroquíes, examinar las disparidades de género y evaluar cómo los niveles de actividad física afectan los patrones eléctricos cardíacos.

Metodología: El estudio incluyó a 149 atletas aficionados (70 hombres, 79 mujeres) de la Universidad Hassan I de Settat. Los participantes se sometieron a un ECG de 12 derivaciones, mediciones antropométricas y una evaluación de la actividad física mediante el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física - Versión Corta (IPAQ-SF).

Resultados: Los atletas masculinos mostraron tasas significativamente más altas de bradicardia sinusal (41.4 % frente a 12.7 %) y elevación del segmento ST (41.4 % frente a 0 %) que las mujeres (p<.0001). Los altos niveles de actividad física se asociaron significativamente con cambios en el ECG relacionados con el entrenamiento (p=.010) y con la elevación del segmento ST (p=.027).

Discusión: Estos hallazgos enfatizan la importancia de considerar los niveles de actividad física al interpretar los patrones del ECG en atletas aficionados y destacan las diferencias significativas de género en las adaptaciones cardíacas.

Conclusiones: Se necesitan guías de interpretación del ECG específicas por género para atletas aficionados, prestando especial atención a las adaptaciones relacionadas con el entrenamiento en los hombres y a la relación entre la intensidad de la actividad física y los patrones eléctricos cardíacos.

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02-02-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Brouki, Y., Ben Rakaa, O., Bouzid, W., El Machrouh, Y., Barkaoui, M., Elgot, A., Eloirdi, A., & Chokri, A. (2026). Patrones electrocardiográficos específicos por deporte en atletas universitarios marroquíes: estudio transversal basado en criterios de Seattle. Retos, 75, 395-409. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118025