Prevalencia y factores asociados a los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en docentes de Educación Física de Bogotá, Colombia

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.118035

Palabras clave:

Trastornos musculoesqueléticos, actividad física, salud ocupacional, educación física y entrenamiento

Resumen

Introducción: La docencia en educación física implica una alta carga laboral lo que constituye un factor predisponente a los trastornos musculoesqueléticos. En Bogotá, Colombia, esta problemática adquiere relevancia debido a las condiciones laborales y ergonómicas propias del contexto educativo.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos y los factores asociados en docentes de educación física de instituciones educativas en Bogotá, Colombia, así como explorar los niveles de actividad física.

Métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra de 262 docentes pertenecientes a 42 instituciones públicas. Se empleo el Cuestionario Nórdico de Desórdenes Musculoesqueléticos para reportar la presencia de síntomas musculoesqueléticos. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y de actividad física. Las asociaciones entre los trastornos musculoesqueléticos y las variables sociodemográficas y laborales se analizaron mediante modelos de regresión logística binaria simple.

Resultados: El 22,5% fueron mujeres y el grupo etario predominante fue de 25 a 35 años (43,9%). Las zonas del cuerpo con mayor prevalencia en los últimos doce meses fueron la espalda (45,8%), y hombros (35,1%). La presencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos se asoció significativamente con los años de experiencia docente (OR=3,39; IC95%: 1,41–7,65), el sexo femenino (OR=4,94; IC95%: 1,94–12,59), la edad (OR=5,06; IC95%: 1,25–20,59) y la atención a más de 400 estudiantes por jornada laboral (OR=4,50; IC95%: 1,74–11,62).

Conclusión: Los factores ocupacionales y sociodemográficos evidenciaron una asociación significativa con la presencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos, lo que subraya la importancia de desarrollar políticas y programas preventivos enfocados en la promoción de hábitos saludables en docentes de educación física.

Conclusiones: finalizar con conclusiones más sobresalientes.

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Publicado

02-03-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Morales-Mora, G. Y., Ceballos-Bernal, E. A., & Correa-Bautista, J. E. (2026). Prevalencia y factores asociados a los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en docentes de Educación Física de Bogotá, Colombia. Retos, 76, 317-329. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.118035