Respuestas ergoespirométricas comparativas al ejercicio de brazos y piernas en mujeres con esclerosis múltiple: un estudio piloto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118114Palabras clave:
Pruebas de ejercicio, esclerosis múltiple, neurorrehabilitación, rendimiento físico , miembros superiores vs inferioresResumen
Objetivo: Este estudio piloto tuvo como objetivo determinar si la capacidad aeróbica se ve afectada de manera diferente cuando se evalúa mediante ergometría de brazos (ACE) y ergometría de piernas (LCE) en mujeres con EM (mcEM) y en controles sanas (CS), así como comparar la diferencia porcentual en el consumo de oxígeno pico (VO2pico) entre ACE y LCE en ambos grupos.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en veinte mujeres: diez mcEM y diez CS, emparejadas por edad, peso corporal e IMC. Todas las participantes completaron dos pruebas ergoespirométricas independientes: una con ACE y otra con LCE. Las variables analizadas incluyeron VO2pico, potencia mecánica máxima (Wpico), cociente respiratorio, ventilación pulmonar pico (VEpico), frecuencia cardíaca máxima (FCmax) y pulso de oxígeno (VO2/FC). Se calculó la diferencia porcentual entre ACE y LCE (relación AE/LE) para cada variable. Los datos se analizaron usando la prueba U de Mann-Whitney y se estableció una significación en p < 0.05.
Resultados: En comparación con las CS, las mcEM presentaron valores inferiores de VO2pico (p = 0.004 y p = 0.005), Wpico (p = 0.002 y p < 0.001), FCmax (p = 0.013 y p = 0.003) y VEpico (p = 0.003 y p = 0.001) durante las evaluaciones con ACE y LCE, respectivamente. Las mcEM también mostraron un pulso de oxígeno menor que las CS (p = 0.005) durante la ACE, pero no durante la LCE. La relación ACE/LCE mostró que la potencia mecánica fue significativamente menor en las mcEM que las CS (p = 0.045).
Conclusiones: Las mujeres con leve a moderada esclerosis múltiple presentan una menor capacidad cardiovascular, pulmonar y muscular, así como una menor diferencia porcentual en la potencia de los brazos con respecto a la potencia de las piernas, sugiriendo una mayor afectación de las extremidades inferiores en esta población.
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