Prevalencia y determinantes del riesgo de sarcopenia en personas mayores: evidencia de un estudio transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118141Palabras clave:
Sarcopenia, factores de riesgo, prevalencia, predictores , adultos mayores, estudio transversalResumen
Antecedentes/Objetivos: La sarcopenia se asocia con múltiples consecuencias negativas. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la prevalencia del riesgo de sarcopenia y sus posibles factores asociados en adultos mayores en Hungría.
Métodos: Un total de 310 adultos mayores participaron en este estudio transversal. El protocolo del estudio fue registrado en clinicaltrials.gov bajo el identificador NCT05313360 el 28 de marzo de 2022. Los participantes completaron un cuestionario que incluía datos demográficos, antecedentes médicos, estado nutricional, nivel de actividad física, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y estado general de salud. El cuestionario SARC-F se utilizó para evaluar el riesgo de sarcopenia entre los participantes.
Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la prevalencia del riesgo de sarcopenia fue del 26.8%. Los predictores en el modelo de regresión univariado incluyeron la edad (p < .001), el número de medicamentos (p < .001), el número de enfermedades (p < .001), el número de visitas médicas ambulatorias (p = .001), la puntuación del MNA-SF (p < .001) y la puntuación del GPAQ (p < .001). Tras controlar la edad en el Bloque 1 (R² = .295), el modelo de regresión lineal jerárquica multivariado (Bloque 2, R² = .483) mostró que el número de medicamentos (p = .013), el número de enfermedades (p = .007), la puntuación del MNA-SF (p < .001) y la puntuación total del GPAQ (p = .004) fueron predictores independientes significativos de un mayor riesgo de sarcopenia.
Conclusión: El número de medicamentos, el número de enfermedades, el MNA-SF y las puntuaciones totales del GPAQ predijeron de manera significativa el riesgo de sarcopenia. Se recomiendan estudios longitudinales adicionales para examinar el desarrollo de la sarcopenia a lo largo del tiempo.
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