Calidad del desayuno, estado nutricional y rendimiento académico en adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118198Palabras clave:
Desayuno, dieta, estado nutricional, rendimento académico, adolescentesResumen
Introducción: El desayuno se considera la comida más importante del día y se relaciona significativamente con el rendimiento académico.
Objetivo: Determinar la calidad del desayuno, estado nutricional y rendimiento académico en adolescentes
Metodología: Estudio de tipo transversal, descriptivo y observacional. Se trabajó con una muestra de 198 adolescentes (104 varones y 94 mujeres) de una Unidad Educativa privada de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Para valorar la calidad del desayuno se aplicó un registro dietético de 3 días, en base a las preparaciones que generalmente se ingieren en este tiempo de comida. El estado nutricional se lo evaluó a través de los índices antropométricos como peso para la edad, talla para la edad e índice de masa corporal para la edad. El rendimiento académico se lo estableció en función a las calificaciones obtenidas por el adolescente.
Resultados: En referencia a la calidad del desayuno, se observó que la adecuación calórica en los varones se mantuvo dentro del rango de normalidad (99,6±34,0%), mientras que en las mujeres se presentó una ingesta ligeramente elevada (117,7±37,9%). De acuerdo al estado nutricional, se reflejó normalidad en todos los índices antropométricos en relación con la edad de los participantes. Finalmente, en cuanto al rendimiento académico se reveló un desempeño excelente (47,0%) y bueno (30,8%).
Discusión: Los hallazgos encontrados en el presente estudio, se asemejan parcialmente con investigaciones realizadas en adolescentes.
Conclusiones: A pesar de que los adolescentes presentaron un estado nutricional normal y un rendimiento académico que oscilaba entre excelente y bueno, la calidad del desayuno se caracterizó por un bajo consumo de carbohidratos complejos, fibra y calcio y a su vez alta en proteína s y grasa. Estos hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de fomentar una alimentación más equilibrada especialmente del desayuno que influye directamente en el rendimiento y desempeño académico.
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