Fiabilidad y cambio mínimo detectable de la acelerometría de smartphone para la evaluación de la estabilidad unipodal en adultos jóvenes

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.118215

Palabras clave:

Basado en smartphone, acelerometría, estabilidad postural, equilibrio, fiabilidad, cambio mínimo detectable

Resumen

Introducción: Existe una investigación limitada sobre la acelerometría basada en teléfonos inteligentes (smartphone-based accelerometry) para evaluar la estabilidad postural unipodal durante actividades de doble tarea. Esta brecha hace necesario establecer la fiabilidad y el cambio mínimo detectable (MDC).

Objetivo: Este estudio investigó la fiabilidad test-retest y el MDC de la acelerometría por smartphone durante la bipedestación unipodal bajo diversas posturas del cuello y condiciones de superficie.

Metodología: Treinta adultos jóvenes sanos (18–25 años) realizaron pruebas de bipedestación unipodal mientras enviaban mensajes de texto. La aceleración del centro de masa (CoM) se registró utilizando un iPhone 11 a nivel del sacro (S2) en cuatro condiciones. Las mediciones se repitieron tras un intervalo de 7 días para calcular los coeficientes de correlación intraclase (ICC3,1) y el MDC con un 95% de confianza (MDC95).

Resultados: El dispositivo demostró una fiabilidad de buena a excelente en todas las condiciones. La mayor fiabilidad se observó en la condición de cuello neutro/superficie dura (ICC3,1 = 0.91–0.94), con un error de medición bajo (MDC95 = 1.23–2.70 cm/s²). Por el contrario, la condición de cuello flexionado/superficie blanda mostró una fiabilidad ligeramente menor (ICC3,1 = 0.87–0.90) y una mayor variabilidad, requiriendo cambios mayores para la significancia (MDC95 = 2.94–9.58 cm/s²). Específicamente, el MDC95 para la Aceleración Total aumentó de 2.71 cm/s² en condiciones estables a 9.90 cm/s² en condiciones inestables.

Conclusión: La acelerometría por smartphone es una herramienta fiable para evaluar la estabilidad postural en adultos jóvenes. Los valores de MDC establecidos proporcionan referencias críticas, destacando que las tareas desafiantes (por ejemplo, superficies blandas) requieren valores umbral más grandes para detectar cambios clínicos reales en el rendimiento del equilibrio.

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Publicado

23-02-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Sangkarit, N., Tapanya, W., & Konsanit, S. (2026). Fiabilidad y cambio mínimo detectable de la acelerometría de smartphone para la evaluación de la estabilidad unipodal en adultos jóvenes. Retos, 78, 305-318. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.118215