Efectos de los videojuegos activos adicionados al ejercicio convencional sobre la función cognitiva en adultos mayores: un ensayo aleatorizado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118264Palabras clave:
Adultos mayores, función cognitiva, videojuegos activos, calidad de vida relacionada con la saludResumen
Introducción: El deterioro cognitivo en los adultos mayores afecta negativamente la independencia y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). La integración de estímulos físicos y cognitivos mediante videojuegos activos (VJA) podría potenciar los beneficios del ejercicio físico convencional (EFC).
Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de adicionar VJA a un programa de EFC sobre la función cognitiva y la CVRS en adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad.
Metodología: Se realizó un ensayo controlado con dos grupos paralelos. Cincuenta participantes de 60-84 años fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo intervención (GI: EFC+VJA) o a un grupo control (GC: solo EFC) durante ocho semanas (dos sesiones/semana). La función cognitiva (resultado primario) se evaluó con el Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), y la CVRS (resultado secundario) con la versión 2 del Short Form Health Survey (SF-12v2).
Resultados: Ambos grupos mostraron mejoras en varios dominios cognitivos; sin embargo, el GI presentó incrementos significativamente mayores en lenguaje, recuerdo diferido y función cognitiva global (p<0.05). La proporción de participantes con función cognitiva normal aumentó en un 36% en el GI (p=0.003) frente a un 12% en el GC (p>0.05). En comparación con el GC, el GI mostró mejoras significativas en las dimensiones física y mental de la CVRS (p<0.05).
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que añadir VJA al EFC puede mejorar la función cognitiva y la CVRS de manera más efectiva que el EFC por sí solo. Los VJA parecen ser un complemento seguro, atractivo y prometedor para promover la salud cognitiva y el bienestar en adultos mayores.
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Derechos de autor 2025 María José Medel-Gutiérrez, Macarena Cárcamo-Vargas, Adolfo Soto-Martínez, Claudio Carvajal-Parodi, David Ulloa-Díaz, Yeny Concha-Cisternas, Francisco Guede-Rojas
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