Uso de suplementos dietéticos: patrones, prevalencia y determinantes entre adultos físicamente activos en Albania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118294Palabras clave:
Albania, suplemento dietético, patrón de SD, actividad física, prevalenciaResumen
Introducción: Los suplementos dietéticos (SD) son productos destinados a abordar deficiencias nutricionales y apoyar la salud general. Aunque el consumo de SD ha aumentado globalmente, la evidencia sobre su uso, patrones y determinantes entre adultos físicamente activos en Albania sigue siendo muy limitada.
Objetivos: Este estudio exploró el uso de SD entre adultos que practican actividad física en Albania, centrándose en los patrones de consumo, las motivaciones y los factores que influyen en su ingesta.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal entre marzo y septiembre de 2025. Se distribuyó un cuestionario anónimo a 570 individuos físicamente activos en Albania.
Resultados: En total, el 52,3% de los participantes informó utilizar SD. Las proteínas (58,1%), las vitaminas y minerales (46,0%) y la creatina (27,5%) fueron los suplementos más consumidos. Las principales razones para el uso de suplementos fueron el aumento de energía (44,9%), la ganancia muscular (34,2%) y la mejora del rendimiento (34,2%), todas significativamente asociadas con el estado de usuario de suplementos (p < 0,001; q = 0,002). El tipo de suplemento se relacionó significativamente con las motivaciones de uso (todos p < 0,001; q = 0,014). Las horas semanales de entrenamiento y recibir asesoramiento de un entrenador fueron los predictores más fuertes del uso de SD en los análisis multivariados (OR = 28,90 y OR = 16,62; ambos p < 0,001).
Conclusión: El uso de SD es común entre los adultos físicamente activos en Albania y está influenciado principalmente por la carga de entrenamiento y el asesoramiento del entrenador. Las prácticas de suplementación reflejan motivaciones relacionadas con el rendimiento y la ganancia muscular, mientras que el no uso se debe a la percepción de una dieta adecuada y a la incertidumbre sobre la eficacia de los suplementos. Estos hallazgos proporcionan evidencia basal para orientar futuras investigaciones y promover un uso seguro e informado de suplementos en esta población.
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