Efectos de la infección por COVID-19 en el consumo máximo de oxígeno, el intercambio gaseoso y la oxidación de sustratos en adultos jóvenes con sobrepeso u obesidad

Autores/as

  • Nattaphon Dachakoon Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, Thailand
  • Sonthaya Sriramatr Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9912-7727
  • Witid Mitranun Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-2696
  • Achariya Anek Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2665-6975
  • Supaporn Silalertdetkul Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0760-6702

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118324

Palabras clave:

COVID-19, sobrepeso, V̇O₂max, oxidación de grasas, oxidación de carbohidratos

Resumen

Introducción: El impacto de la COVID-19 en el consumo máximo de oxígeno (V̇O₂max), el intercambio gaseoso y la oxidación de sustratos en personas con sobrepeso u obesidad sigue siendo incierto y requiere investigación.

Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de una infección previa por COVID-19 sobre el V̇O₂max, el intercambio gaseoso y la oxidación de sustratos en adultos jóvenes con sobrepeso u obesidad.

Metodología: Noventa hombres y mujeres jóvenes con sobrepeso u obesidad participaron en el estudio y fueron divididos en dos grupos: aquellos con infección previa por COVID-19 (COVID) y aquellos sin antecedentes de infección por COVID-19 (NCOVID). Se recopilaron datos antropométricos, frecuencia cardíaca en reposo (FCR), presión arterial y respuestas a un cuestionario de salud. Se evaluaron el V̇O₂max, el consumo de oxígeno (V̇O₂), la oxidación estimada de grasas (FO), la oxidación de carbohidratos (CHO), la razón de intercambio respiratorio (RER) y la ventilación por minuto (V̇E) durante una prueba incremental de V̇O₂max en cinta rodante. Las diferencias entre los grupos se analizaron mediante pruebas t para muestras pareadas e independientes. Las asociaciones entre los parámetros se examinaron utilizando el coeficiente de correlación de momento-producto de Pearson.

Resultados: Entre las mujeres, los valores pico de V̇O₂, V̇CO₂, CHO, FO y RER fueron significativamente diferentes en el grupo COVID en comparación con el grupo NCOVID (todos, p < .05). No se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el V̇O₂max entre los grupos COVID y NCOVID. Sin embargo, en ambos grupos el V̇O₂max difirió significativamente según el sexo, con valores más altos en los hombres que en las mujeres. En los hombres, el V̇O₂max, el V̇O₂ y el V̇CO₂ se correlacionaron con la masa corporal, el IMC y la frecuencia de ejercicio de los participantes. En el grupo NCOVID, la FCR mostró una correlación moderada con el V̇O₂max, el V̇O₂, el V̇CO₂ y el V̇E en los hombres, mientras que en las mujeres NCOVID, el V̇CO₂ se asoció con la FCR, la frecuencia y la duración del ejercicio.

Conclusión: Las mujeres con sobrepeso u obesidad y con antecedentes de infección por COVID-19 mostraron respuestas alteradas en el intercambio gaseoso y en la oxidación de sustratos durante el ejercicio máximo, en comparación con sus pares que nunca se infectaron, a pesar de no presentar diferencias en el V̇O₂max.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Nattaphon Dachakoon, Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, Thailand

    Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, , Thailand

  • Sonthaya Sriramatr, Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, Thailand

    Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, Thailand

  • Witid Mitranun, Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, Thailand

    Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, , Thailand

  • Achariya Anek, Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, Thailand

    Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, Thailand

  • Supaporn Silalertdetkul, Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok

    Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok, Thailand

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29-01-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Dachakoon, N., Sriramatr, S., Mitranun, W., Anek, A., & Silalertdetkul, S. (2026). Efectos de la infección por COVID-19 en el consumo máximo de oxígeno, el intercambio gaseoso y la oxidación de sustratos en adultos jóvenes con sobrepeso u obesidad. Retos, 77, 358-369. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118324