Negociación del significado del bullying en el fútbol formativo en China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118371Palabras clave:
bullying, constructivismo social, cultura deportiva, deporte formativo, fútbolResumen
Introducción. El bullying en contextos deportivos constituye una problemática global que afecta a la salud y la continuidad en la práctica deportiva. En China, aunque han aumentado las investigaciones sobre bullying, los estudios centrados en el deporte siguen siendo escasos.
Objetivo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los relatos y las interacciones de los futbolistas adolescentes chinos para comprender cómo identifican el bullying dentro de sus equipos y revelar cómo esta identificación se construye, negocia y refuerza a través de los procesos sociales y los contextos culturales.
Metodología. Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa basada en el constructivismo social. Participaron 21 jugadores/as de fútbol, procedentes de siete ciudades chinas, con edades entre 9 y 19 años. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas y se analizaron mediante teoría fundamentada constructivista.
Resultados. Los hallazgos mostraron que la identificación del bullying no se basó en criterios universales, sino en interpretaciones negociadas. Las normas deportivas y la cultura del equipo influyeron en la normalización de conductas potencialmente dañinas.
Discusión. Los resultados coincidieron con estudios previos que señalan la influencia del contexto en la percepción del bullying. Se evidenció que la identificación no dependió solo de factores individuales, sino de procesos colectivos mediados por el lenguaje, las emociones y las jerarquías.
Conclusiones. La identificación del bullying en el deporte se construye socialmente y para su prevención se requieren intervenciones que actúen sobre las dinámicas grupales y la cultura organizativa de este contexto.
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