Caracterización del perfil fisiológico y respuesta cardiovascular al entrenamiento en mujeres durante la etapa menopáusica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.118445Palabras clave:
Composición corporal, ejercicio físico, frecuencia cardíaca, gasto de energía, menopausiaResumen
Introducción: La menopausia implica cambios hormonales que afectan la función cardiovascular y la composición corporal, incrementando la vulnerabilidad metabólica. La práctica de ejercicio puede modular estas respuestas, pero se desconoce cómo interactúan adiposidad y gasto energético en contextos reales.
Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil fisiológico y la respuesta cardiovascular de mujeres menopáusicas activas, integrando antropometría, composición corporal, frecuencia cardiaca y gasto energético, y explorar asociaciones entre estas variables.
Metodología: Estudio observacional transversal en 100 mujeres activas. La composición corporal se evaluó mediante bioimpedancia y la frecuencia cardiaca y el gasto calórico por sesión se obtuvieron de dispositivos inteligentes durante sesiones habituales. Se aplicaron análisis comparativos y correlacionales no paramétricos.
Resultados: Las participantes con adiposidad elevada presentaron mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal (33.12% vs 26.04%) y menor gasto calórico (745 vs 847 kcal/sesión). Se observó asociación negativa entre porcentaje de grasa corporal y gasto energético (ρ = −0.36) y ausencia de diferencias en frecuencia cardiaca en reposo entre perfiles. El IMC no se asoció con la adiposidad real.
Discusión: Los hallazgos indican que la adiposidad se relaciona con el volumen de entrenamiento y el gasto energético, más que con la intensidad relativa, y deben interpretarse considerando el diseño transversal y las limitaciones de los dispositivos comerciales.
Conclusiones: El porcentaje de grasa corporal describe con mayor precisión el perfil funcional que el IMC. Perfiles con menor adiposidad coexisten con mayor volumen de entrenamiento y mayor gasto energético, lo que respalda considerar composición corporal y patrones de práctica como indicadores complementarios en la evaluación de mujeres en etapa menopáusica.
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