Precisión diagnóstica del IMC para detectar adiposidad en adultos jóvenes varones físicamente activos

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118558

Palabras clave:

Adiposidad, adulto joven, composición corporal, impedancia eléctrica, índice de masa corporal

Resumen

Introducción: La evaluación de la composición corporal es especialmente relevante en poblaciones físicamente activas, ya que el peso corporal total puede enmascarar la adiposidad real. En este contexto, el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) ha sido cuestionado por su limitada capacidad para discriminar entre tejido adiposo y masa libre de grasa.

Objetivo: Evaluar la precisión diagnóstica del IMC para detectar adiposidad elevada en varones jóvenes físicamente activos, utilizando el porcentaje de grasa corporal como criterio comparador operativo.

Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo de diseño transversal en 203 varones de 18 a 35 años, reclutados en centros de acondicionamiento físico. El desempeño diagnóstico del IMC (≥ 25 kg/m²) se contrastó frente a la adiposidad elevada definida por criterios ACE ≥ 18%, estimada mediante bioimpedancia multifrecuencia. Se calcularon sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos, exactitud diagnóstica y distribución de fenotipos de concordancia y discordancia.

Resultados: La exactitud diagnóstica del IMC fue de 63.05%, con una sensibilidad de 65.48% y especificidad de 51.43%. Predominó la discordancia por subestimación de adiposidad, destacando el fenotipo de adiposidad elevada con IMC < 25 kg/m² (28.6%), frente al fenotipo de IMC ≥ 25 kg/m² sin adiposidad elevada (8.4%). El valor predictivo negativo fue de 23.68%.

Discusión: Los resultados describen un patrón de subestimación de adiposidad por parte del IMC en varones jóvenes físicamente activos, cuestionando su uso exclusivo como herramienta de tamizaje en este contexto.

Conclusiones: El IMC mostró utilidad limitada para detectar adiposidad elevada en esta población. Se recomienda complementar su uso con evaluaciones directas de composición corporal para reducir la omisión de perfiles con exceso de grasa no detectados por el IMC.

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Publicado

06-02-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Escobar Vadivieso, G., Alvarado Alvarado, H. M., Palma Cabello, M. E., Vera Cornejo, M. A., Valle Flores, J. A., & Rosado Alvarez, M. M. (2026). Precisión diagnóstica del IMC para detectar adiposidad en adultos jóvenes varones físicamente activos. Retos, 77, 568-580. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118558