Relaciones entre las actitudes alimentarias, la imagen corporal, la autoestima y el índice de masa corporal en adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118573Palabras clave:
índice de masa corporal, imagen corporal, actitudes alimentarias, autoestima, adolescentesResumen
Introducción: La literatura indica que, durante la adolescencia, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la autoestima y las actitudes alimentarias están estrechamente interrelacionados.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar las relaciones entre las actitudes alimentarias (EAT), el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la discrepancia en la imagen corporal y la autoestima en adolescentes, e investigar los efectos del género y la edad en estas variables.
Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño metodológico transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 387 adolescentes de 15 a 18 años (177 hombres y 210 mujeres) residentes en la provincia de Eskişehir. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario demográfico, la Prueba de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT-26), la Escala de Valoración de Figuras (FRS) y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES). El IMC se calculó a partir de la altura y el peso de los participantes. Se realizaron pruebas t para muestras independientes, ANOVA y análisis de correlación de Pearson.
Resultados: Las adolescentes reportaron puntuaciones de EAT significativamente más altas que los varones, mientras que los varones mostraron valores de IMC más altos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas relacionadas con la edad en EAT, IMC, discrepancia en la imagen corporal ni autoestima. Los análisis de correlación mostraron que las puntuaciones de EAT se asociaron positivamente con la discrepancia en la imagen corporal y negativamente con la autoestima. La asociación más fuerte se observó entre el IMC y la discrepancia en la imagen corporal, mientras que el IMC no se relacionó directamente con EAT ni con la autoestima.
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos indican que el EAT de los adolescentes se asocia más fuertemente con factores psicológicos, en particular con la imagen corporal y la autoestima, que con el peso objetivo. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de las estrategias preventivas y de intervención que abordan la imagen corporal y el bienestar psicológico para promover hábitos alimentarios saludables durante la adolescencia.
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