Eficiencia metabólica y demanda cardiovascular: análisis comparativo entre Yoga y HIIT en varones de mediana edad

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.118579

Palabras clave:

Entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad, frecuencia cardíaca, metabolismo energético, persona de mediana edad, yoga

Resumen

Introducción: La identificación de modalidades de ejercicio sostenibles que igualen los beneficios cardiovasculares del Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad (HIIT) es un desafío actual para mejorar la adherencia a la actividad física.

Objetivo: Comparar la respuesta hemodinámica y la eficiencia metabólica (kcal/h) entre sesiones autogestionadas de HIIT y Yoga dinámico en varones de mediana edad físicamente activos.

Metodología: Estudio observacional transversal en 153 adultos (Yoga n = 86; HIIT n = 67). Las respuestas agudas se cuantificaron en un entorno ecológico mediante relojes inteligentes con sensores ópticos. Se aplicó la prueba t de Welch, la g de Hedges y un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple con término de interacción.

Resultados: No se halló evidencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la eficiencia metabólica (721.02 vs. 735.92 kcal/h; p = 0.221) ni en la frecuencia cardíaca media (143.51 vs. 145.58 lpm; p = 0.371), con tamaños del efecto triviales. La fuerte correlación (r > 0.90) entre frecuencia cardíaca y gasto calórico evidenció un artefacto circular inherente a los algoritmos predictivos de los dispositivos, sin interacción por modalidad (p = 0.586).

Discusión: Los hallazgos desafían la clasificación tradicional del Yoga como actividad de baja intensidad, ubicando a los estilos dinámicos en rangos de exigencia cardiovascular comparables durante su práctica autogestionada.

Conclusiones: Bajo condiciones ecológicas, el Yoga dinámico presentó una demanda cardiometabólica aguda estadísticamente similar al HIIT. Representa un estímulo metabólico relevante y una alternativa viable de menor impacto mecánico, requiriendo futuros ensayos experimentales para confirmar adaptaciones crónicas.

Referencias

Carpes, L., Costa, R., Schaarschmidt, B., Reichert, T., & Ferrari, R. (2022). High-intensity interval training reduces blood pressure in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Experimental Gerontology, 158, 111657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2021.111657

Charlton, P. H., Pilt, K., & Kyriacou, P. A. (2022). Establishing best practices in photoplethysmography signal acquisition and processing. Physiological Measurement, 43(5), 050301. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/ac6cc4

Chen, W., Khurshid, S., Singer, D. E., Atlas, S. J., Ashburner, J. M., Ellinor, P. T., McManus, D. D., Lubitz, S. A., & Chhatwal, J. (2022). Cost-effectiveness of screening for atrial fibrillation using wearable de-vices. JAMA Health Forum, 3(8), e222419. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.2419

Cheruka, C. A., Sherman, S. A., Davis, K. K., & Kline, C. E. (2023). Oxygen consumption and heart rate re-sponses in different vinyasa yoga sequences. International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 33(2023), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.17761/2023-D-22-00058

Cotie, L. M., Marçal, I. R., Way, K. L., Lee, L. S., Patterson, M., Pearson, M., Main, E., Thornton, J. S., Reed, J. L., & Banks, L. (2025). Sex differences in cardiovascular adaptations following aerobic exercise training programs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Canadian Journal of Cardiolo-gy, 41(3), 337–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2024.12.005

Curtis, D. (2024). Welch’s t test is more sensitive to real world violations of distributional assumptions than student’s t test but logistic regression is more robust than either. Statistical Papers, 65(6), 3981–3989. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00362-024-01531-7

Ditroilo, M., Mesquida, C., Abt, G., & Lakens, D. (2025). Exploratory research in sport and exercise sci-ence: Perceptions, challenges, and recommendations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 43(12), 1108–1120. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2025.2486871

Doherty, C., Baldwin, M., Keogh, A., Caulfield, B., & Argent, R. (2024). Keeping pace with wearables: A living umbrella review of systematic reviews evaluating the accuracy of consumer wearable technologies in health measurement. Sports Medicine, 54(11), 2907–2926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02077-2

Geiger, C., Cramer, H., Anheyer, D., Dobos, G., & Kohl-Heckl, W. K. (2025). A systematic review and me-ta-analysis of yoga for arterial hypertension. PLOS One, 20(5), e0323268. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323268

Germini, F., Noronha, N., Borg Debono, V., Abraham Philip, B., Pete, D., Navarro, T., Keepanasseril, A., Parpia, S., De Wit, K., & Iorio, A. (2022). Accuracy and acceptability of wrist-wearable activity-tracking devices: Systematic review of the literature. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(1), e30791. https://doi.org/10.2196/30791

Grabara, M. (2025). Intensity of Hatha yoga training for older adults. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 12936. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95547-0

Gutiérrez-Hernández, O., & García, L. V. (2025). Implementing the linear adaptive false discovery rate procedure for spatiotemporal trend testing. Mathematics, 13(22), 3630. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13223630

Isath, A., Kanwal, A., Virk, H. U. H., Bandyopadhyay, D., Wang, Z., Kumar, A., Kalra, A., Naidu, S. S., Lavie, C. J., Virani, S. S., & Krittanawong, C. (2023). The effect of yoga on cardiovascular disease risk fac-tors: A meta-analysis. Current Problems in Cardiology, 48(5), 101593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101593

Kim, K. B., & Baek, H. J. (2023). Photoplethysmography in wearable devices: A comprehensive review of technological advances, current challenges, and future directions. Electronics, 12(13), 2923. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132923

Kitagaki, K., Hongo, Y., Futai, R., Hasegawa, T., Morikawa, H., & Shimoyama, H. (2025). Validity of heart rate measurement using wearable devices during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with cardiovascular disease: Prospective pilot validation study. JMIR Cardio, 9, e77911–e77911. https://doi.org/10.2196/77911

Kobel, S., Kirsten, J., & Kelso, A. (2022). Anthropometry – assessment of body composition. Deutsche Zeitschrift Für Sportmedizin/German Journal of Sports Medicine, 73(3), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.5960/dzsm.2022.527

Koerber, D., Khan, S., Shamsheri, T., Kirubarajan, A., & Mehta, S. (2023). Accuracy of heart rate meas-urement with wrist-worn wearable devices in various skin tones: A systematic review. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 10(6), 2676–2684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-022-01446-9

Lambe, R., Baldwin, M., O’Grady, B., Schumann, M., Caulfield, B., & Doherty, C. (2026). The accuracy of Apple Watch measurements: A living systematic review and meta-analysis. Npj Digital Medi-cine, 9(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02238-1

Le, S., Wang, X., Zhang, T., Lei, S. M., Cheng, S., Yao, W., & Schumann, M. (2022). Validity of three smart-watches in estimating energy expenditure during outdoor walking and running. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 995575. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.995575

Lee, M. A., Song, M., Bessette, H., Roberts Davis, M., Tyner, T. E., & Reid, A. (2023). Use of wearables for monitoring cardiometabolic health: A systematic review. International Journal of Medical In-formatics, 179, 105218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105218

Li, G., & Dong, D. (2025). A meta-analysis of the effects of high-intensity interval training on circulatory system-related indicators in sedentary populations. Frontiers in Physiology, 16, 1702247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1702247

Lisboa De Serpa, G., Carneiro De Oliveira, S. D., Nogueira Godinho, W. D., & Carneiro Loureiro, A. C. (2025). Comparação entre treinamento periodizado e não periodizado na aptidão física: Uma revisão guarda-chuva. Retos, 70, 882–892. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.114374

Liu, Y., Liu, F., Yu, W., Xiao, Y., Liu, D., Li, Z., Chen, W., Gao, F., & Le, S. (2025). Validity of four low-cost smartwatches in estimating energy expenditure during cycling in Chinese untrained women. PLOS One, 20(9), e0331399. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0331399

Loro, F. L., Martins, R., Ferreira, J. B., De Araujo, C. L. P., Prade, L. R., Both, C. B., Nobre, J. C. N., Monteiro, M. B., & Dal Lago, P. (2024). Validation of a wearable sensor prototype for measuring heart rate to prescribe physical activity: Cross-sectional exploratory study. JMIR Biomedical Engineering, 9, e57373. https://doi.org/10.2196/57373

Mun, S., Park, K., Kim, J.-K., Kim, J., & Lee, S. (2024). Assessment of heart rate measurements by com-mercial wearable fitness trackers for early identification of metabolic syndrome risk. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 23865. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74619-7

Muñoz Aristizábal, M. A., & Vidarte Claros, J. A. (2025). Baja disponibilidad energética en atletas y su relación con la composición corporal: Revisión de alcance. Retos, 68, 1272–1296. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.115402

Oliveira, A., Fidalgo, A., Farinatti, P., & Monteiro, W. (2024). Effects of high-intensity interval and con-tinuous moderate aerobic training on fitness and health markers of older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 124, 105451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2024.105451

Paramashiva, P. S., Sukumar, S., Shettigar, D., Kadavigere, R., Pradhan, A., Panakkal, N. C., Dkhar, W., Vaishali, K., Chandrasekaran, B., Palaniswamy, H. P., Ravichandran, S., Muthu, S. S., Kamath, K., Felix, H. J., Shazli, A., & David, L. R. (2025). Comparing the effects of yoga and exercise on vascu-lar function: A systematic review. Advances in Integrative Medicine, 12(4), 100556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2025.100556

Perugini, A., Gambarota, F., Toffalini, E., Lakens, D., Pastore, M., Finos, L., Core Team Psicostat, & Altoè, G. (2025). The benefits of reporting critical-effect-size values. Advances in Methods and Prac-tices in Psychological Science, 8(2), 25152459251335298. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459251335298

Petek, B. J., Al-Alusi, M. A., Moulson, N., Grant, A. J., Besson, C., Guseh, J. S., Wasfy, M. M., Gremeaux, V., Churchill, T. W., & Baggish, A. L. (2023). Consumer wearable health and fitness technology in cardiovascular medicine. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 82(3), 245–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2023.04.054

Rohnejad, B., & Monazzami, A. (2023). Effects of high-intensity intermittent training on some inflam-matory and muscle damage indices in overweight middle-aged men. Apunts Sports Medicine, 58(217), 100404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apunsm.2023.100404

Romero-Vera, L., Ulloa-Díaz, D., Araya-Sierralta, S., Guede-Rojas, F., Andrades-Ramírez, O., Carvajal-Parodi, C., Muñoz-Bustos, G., Matamala-Aguilera, M., & Martínez-García, D. (2024). Effects of high-intensity interval training on blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Life, 14(12), 1661. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121661

Rovetta, A., Mansournia, M. A., Stovitz, S. D., Adams, W. M., & Greenland, S. (2025). Interpreting p values and interval estimates based on practical relevance: Guidance for the sports medicine clinician. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 59(24), bjsports-2024-109357. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109357

Sert, H., Gulbahar Eren, M., Gurcay, B., & Koc, F. (2025). The effectiveness of a high-intensity interval exercise on cardiometabolic health and quality of life in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 17(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01176-5

Shiroshita, A., Yamamoto, N., Saka, N., Shiba, H., Toki, S., Yamamoto, M., Dohi, E., & Kataoka, Y. (2024). Expanding the scope: In-depth review of interaction in regression models. Annals of Clinical Ep-idemiology, 6(2), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.37737/ace.24005

Thrower, A., Barone Gibbs, B., Alansare, A., Sherman, S., & Davis, K. (2023). Blood pressure and heart rate variability responses following an acute bout of vinyasa yoga and a prolonged seated con-trol: A randomized crossover trial. PLOS ONE, 18(11), e0294945. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294945

Valle Flores, J. A., Rosado Álvarez, M. M., González Iglesias, S., & Rios Espinoza, M. (2026). Perfil saluda-ble en adultos físicamente activos según patrones de entrenamiento y condición fisiológica. Re-tos, 75, 329–343. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118163

Van Oost, C. N., Masci, F., Malisse, A., Schyvens, A.-M., Peters, B., Dirix, H., Ross, V., Wets, G., Neven, A., Verbraecken, J., & Aerts, J.-M. (2025). Accuracy of heart rate measurement under transient states: A validation study of wearables for real-life monitoring. Sensors, 25(20), 6319. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25206319

Zhao, X., Ding, X., Yang, J., Yan, S., Wang, H., Tao, K., & Qiu, J. (2025). Validity of smartwatches for esti-mating energy expenditure during aerobic dance. Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-025-00339-7

Descargas

Publicado

26-02-2026

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Escobar Vadivieso, G. S., Villacrés Caicedo, S. E., Palma Cabrera, C. M., Burbano Lajones, A. E., Valle Flores, J. A., Rosado Alvarez, M. M., Bello Tomalá, Y. del R., & Ramírez Franco, J. M. (2026). Eficiencia metabólica y demanda cardiovascular: análisis comparativo entre Yoga y HIIT en varones de mediana edad. Retos, 78, 412-423. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.118579