Desarrollo motor en relación con los comportamientos de movimiento de 24 horas en niños preescolares: una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v80.118582Palabras clave:
Actividad física , comportamiento sedentario, comportamientos de movimiento de 24 horas, desarrollo motor, niños en edad preescolarResumen
Introducción: Esta revisión exploratoria examinó los comportamientos de movimiento de 24 horas y el desarrollo motor en niños en edad preescolar. Una búsqueda en Web of Science y Scopus identificó 17 estudios elegibles, revelando asociaciones positivas entre la actividad física y la competencia motora, mientras que la evidencia sobre el comportamiento sedentario y el sueño fue limitada.
Objetivo: Esta revisión sintetizó la evidencia empírica sobre las asociaciones entre los comportamientos de movimiento de 24 horas actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y sueño y el desarrollo motor en niños preescolares, identificando enfoques metodológicos e influencias contextuales.
Metodología: Siguiendo el marco de Arksey y O'Malley, una búsqueda sistemática en Web of Science y Scopus identificó estudios empíricos sobre comportamientos de movimiento de 24 horas y desarrollo motor en niños preescolares. Los estudios fueron sintetizados para identificar hallazgos clave y lagunas de investigación.
Resultados: Diecisiete estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La actividad física demostró asociaciones positivas con la competencia motora, particularmente en locomoción y control de objetos. La evidencia sobre el comportamiento sedentario y el sueño fue limitada y heterogénea. La variación en diseño e instrumentos incluyendo actitudes parentales y entornos escolares redujo la comparabilidad entre estudios.
Conclusiones: La actividad física se relaciona positivamente con la competencia motora en niños preescolares, especialmente en locomoción y control de objetos. La evidencia sobre el comportamiento sedentario y el sueño es limitada. Los factores parentales y escolares influyen en el desarrollo motor. Las investigaciones futuras deben adoptar métodos estandarizados y culturalmente apropiados en regiones subrepresentadas como el Sudeste Asiático y Malasia.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Anis Nurshafira Jamaludin, Denise Koh, Nur Shakila Mazalan, Mohamad Roshieszan Ramdan
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