Evaluación del acceso y la inclusión de niños con discapacidad en actividades de ocio y deporte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118630Palabras clave:
Accesibilidad, niños con discapacidad, incluidos los deportes, participaciónResumen
Introducción: Todos los niños, incluidos aquellos con discapacidad, tienen derecho universal a la actividad física, la cual es crucial para su desarrollo social y físico.
Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el grado de participación, las oportunidades actuales y los principales obstáculos que enfrentan los niños con discapacidad en las actividades deportivas y de ocio en las escuelas y equipos deportivos albaneses, así como examinar las opiniones de importantes actores involucrados en este proceso.
Metodología: Se empleó un diseño de investigación cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal para recopilar datos de 176 participantes (padres, profesores de educación física y entrenadores deportivos) en varias ciudades de Albania. Se utilizó el programa SPSS y el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach para analizar los datos.
Resultados: Los hallazgos demostraron que, si bien la mayoría de los niños con discapacidad tienen un gran interés en el ejercicio físico y los deportes adaptados, su participación real sigue siendo bastante baja y se concentra principalmente en la educación física escolar. La ausencia de programas deportivos especializados, las instalaciones deportivas inadecuadas y el acceso restringido a actividades extracurriculares fueron los principales obstáculos encontrados. El análisis de los resultados revela una discrepancia sustancial entre el deseo e interés de los niños y las condiciones reales que ofrecen las instituciones educativas y deportivas albanesas, especialmente en comparación con los países de la UE.
Conclusiones: Para aumentar la participación real y a largo plazo de los niños con discapacidad en actividades deportivas y recreativas, el estudio enfatiza la necesidad de un enfoque integral y coordinado que incluya inversiones en infraestructura accesible, la creación de programas deportivos adaptados y apoyo profesional continuo para maestros y entrenadores.
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