Método integrado de efricción y estrategia de evaluación del nivel de lesión para una recuperación efectiva de la lesión de rodilla del LCA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.118675Palabras clave:
Abordaje integrado, método de masaje, evaluación de lesiones, recuperación del LCA, lesión de rodillaResumen
Introducción: Las lesiones de rodilla, particularmente después de una cirugía del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), son comunes entre los atletas y conllevan un alto riesgo de recurrencia cuando la rehabilitación es incompleta. Muchos programas de rehabilitación priorizan la recuperación a corto plazo y pasan por alto el apoyo funcional a largo plazo.
Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad del masaje con efleurage combinado con educación autodirigida sobre ejercicios para mejorar los resultados de recuperación y reducir el riesgo de recurrencia en atletas con lesiones de rodilla posteriores al LCA.
Metodología: Se aplicó un diseño de métodos mixtos mediante muestreo intencional de 30 atletas tratados en la Clínica MCO Arif. Las lesiones de rodilla se confirmaron mediante radiografías, resonancia magnética y registros médicos. Los participantes recibieron sesiones de masaje effleurage de 30 minutos durante tres semanas, junto con educación estructurada de autoaprendizaje. Las evaluaciones previas y posteriores a la intervención midieron el dolor, el rango de movimiento (ROM), la fuerza muscular, el edema, el equilibrio y la actividad funcional.
Resultados: La intervención redujo significativamente el dolor y el edema de rodilla al tiempo que mejoró la ROM de flexión-extensión y la fuerza muscular. El análisis estadístico mostró una disminución significativa del edema (diferencia de medias = 3,79 cm; t(29) = 111,96; p < .001). Los participantes que recibieron educación sobre el ejercicio demostraron mejoras adicionales en el equilibrio y el movimiento funcional, lo que indica mejores resultados de rehabilitación.
Discusión: Los hallazgos respaldan la evidencia previa de que la terapia manual mejora la circulación y reduce la hinchazón, y sugieren que combinar el masaje con ejercicio estructurado produce beneficios sinérgicos para la estabilidad y la función de las articulaciones.
Conclusiones: Un enfoque de rehabilitación integrado que utiliza masaje de efleurage y ejercicio autodirigido mejora efectivamente la recuperación y el rendimiento funcional en atletas después de una cirugía de LCA, al tiempo que reduce potencialmente el riesgo de recurrencia.
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