Telerehabilitación en adultos mayores con enfermedades cardiopulmonares y multimorbilidad: un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado

Autores/as

  • Silvia Patricia Betancur Bedoya International Iberoamerican University
  • Sebastian Grajales Toro Maria Cano University Foundation
  • Catalina Lopera Muñeton Maria Cano University Foundation
  • Lina Giccela Suarez Muñoz Maria Cano University Foundation
  • Fanny Valencia Legarda Maria Cano University Foundation
  • Antonia Gonzalez Garrido International Iberoamerican University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.118765

Palabras clave:

Comorbilidad, ejercicio multicomponente, enfermedad crónica, rendimiento funcional físico, tele-rehabilitación

Resumen

Introducción: La telerehabilitación se presenta como una estrategia eficaz para entregar programas de ejercicio a adultos mayores con enfermedades crónicas, especialmente en contextos con acceso limitado a servicios de salud.

Objetivo: Comparar los efectos de un programa multicomponente de telerehabilitación versus fisioterapia domiciliaria sobre la capacidad funcional en adultos mayores con enfermedades cardiopulmonares y multimorbilidad.

Métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, unicéntrico y simple ciego, con 34 participantes ≥60 años asignados a un grupo de telerehabilitación (n = 17) y a un grupo control con fisioterapia domiciliaria (n = 17). Ambos grupos realizaron sesiones supervisadas dos veces por semana durante 12 semanas. Se evaluó el rendimiento físico mediante la Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria con el Test de Caminata de Seis Minutos (6MWT) y la flexibilidad funcional con las pruebas Chair Sit-and-Reach (CSR) y Back Scratch (BS).

Resultados: Ambos grupos mejoraron significativamente en la SPPB (p < .05), el grupo control mejoró en la 6MWT (p = .031), y el grupo intervención mostró mejoras en la flexibilidad (p = .003). Sin diferencias significativas entre grupos en los cambios (p > .05)

Conclusión: La telerehabilitación con un programa de ejercicio multicomponente logró efectos comparables a la fisioterapia domiciliaria en el rendimiento físico, aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y la flexibilidad funcional en adultos con enfermedades cardiopulmonares y multimorbilidad.

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Publicado

04-03-2026

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Betancur Bedoya, S. P., Grajales Toro, S., Lopera Muñeton, C., Suarez Muñoz, L. G., Valencia Legarda, F., & Gonzalez Garrido, A. (2026). Telerehabilitación en adultos mayores con enfermedades cardiopulmonares y multimorbilidad: un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado. Retos, 78, 492-502. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.118765