Enfermedades crónicas y riesgo funcional de equilibrio y marcha en mujeres adultas mayores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.119002Palabras clave:
Adulto mayor, accidentes por caídas, enfermedades crónicas, equilibrio postural, marchaResumen
Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas en la vejez afectan la funcionalidad y aumentan la vulnerabilidad clínica. Su análisis integral permite comprender de manera más precisa la probabilidad de caídas en mujeres adultas mayores.
Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre las enfermedades crónicas y el riesgo funcional en mujeres adultas mayores, considerando la medicación continua y la enfermedad actual.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, transversal y analítico-relacional en 61 mujeres adultas mayores. Se aplicó una ficha clínica estructurada, la escala de Tinetti y la prueba Timed Up and Go (TUG). El análisis incluyó estadística descriptiva e inferencial mediante pruebas de chi-cuadrado y pruebas exactas, según la distribución de frecuencias.
Resultados: Predominó el riesgo funcional leve en la escala de Tinetti (75.4%) y en la prueba TUG (70.5%). La comorbilidad global no mostró asociación significativa con el riesgo funcional (Tinetti, p = .558; TUG, p > .999). No obstante, el uso de antihipertensivos mostró asociación con la distribución del riesgo funcional en Tinetti (p = .031). Las afecciones osteoarticulares evidenciaron diferencia descriptiva que no alcanzó significación estadística (p = .075), mientras que las enfermedades oculares activas mostraron distribución concentrada en la categoría moderada, hallazgo que debe interpretarse con cautela por el reducido número de casos.
Discusión: Los hallazgos sugieren que la distribución del riesgo funcional podría variar según determinadas condiciones clínicas y terapéuticas específicas.
Conclusiones: El uso de antihipertensivos podría estar relacionado con mayor alteración funcional del equilibrio y marcha. La valoración clínica y farmacológica integrada puede contribuir a una identificación más contextualizada del riesgo funcional.
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Derechos de autor 2026 José Antonio Valle Flores, María Magdalena Rosado Alvarez, Sheyla Elizabeth Villacrés Caicedo, Marco Enrique Almeida Pacheco, Layla Yenebi De La Torre Ortega, Mayra Alejandra Quito Vera, Gabriela Domenika Quito Vera
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